The Nagas

Hill Peoples of Northeast India

Project Introduction The Naga Database

manuscript - Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf notebook two

caption: megaliths, Zevos, and sacrifices
medium: notes
ethnicgroup: Angami
location: Khonoma
date: 1.7.1936
production:
person: Furer-Haimendorf
date: 23.6.1936-6.1937
acquirer:
person: School of Oriental and African Studies Library, London
text: (35) Megaliths are only erected for relatives. First madhu - and his clansmen will come and sleep in his house till the cock crows. When the cock crows they go out and clean animals, - mithans and cows. The animals are fastened to posts and the legs are tied, the one killed when standing, with a spear within the cow shed. An unmarried man of any clan who must have been chaste the night before kills the animals. Then the Zevos comes, and sit down and (36) then first of all the sacrificer's wife covering her hair with a cloth will pour rice beer into the leaf cups and the Zevos hold pieces of the meat. Then they put down the meat and the cups. Then they say addressing the []: "Taste first of this. Defend from dangers and difficulties and keep us well and make our lives long". Then the Zevos drink and eat first. The Thevoma khel and the Kemovo eat an drink now. The Kemovo does not go himself to this genna. (37) Then the householder eats. Before two men have gone and fetched [] bamboo and banana - and they go to the sacrificer's house and say "you are going to make a genna" and they go to the jungle and cut bamboos and long leaves.
text: On the genna day these two men will follow the Zevos before the latter go to the sacrificer's house and they remain outside until the Zevos have eaten. Then they enter and all the other people after them. The Zevos are given meat and drink and take it to their houses. (38) The two men get also shares. Then on the same day the owner will call his clansmen and friends and gives them shares. Then the sacrificer takes a small chicken in a basket and madhu in new small gourds and goes to the place where the stone they mean to drag lies. The sacrificer goes first, - his wife remains at home. When he arrives at the stone and lets free the chicken and in silence sprinkles the madhu as if he were going to give drink to the stone. Then his clansmen and friends fasten the ropes. (39) Then those men who will touch the ropes to drag the stones will go to the sacrificer's house. They have no special cloths nor has the sacrificer. They drag the stone either on a sledge or without. Then they erect the stone, - first one Zevo digs the ground with a hoe, - then they all continue digging. Then they put in the stone. Even if there are several stones dragged they must all be erected on one day. If only the father of the sacrificer is dead, only one stone is dragged, otherwise stones for his wife, children etc. are dragged at the same time.
text: (40) There is another form of stone dragging in the name of the man and his wife for securing long life (only one man in Khonoma). Then they put on ceremonial dress.
text: Only completing all other gennas a man may build a stone circle.
text: (41) 1. Pishupellie, feasting by the Zevos with killing pigs.
text: 2. Kesemero, for the dead men.
text: 3. Shusa - this must be made 3 times, - for the man and the wife, - they feast their clan and some friends in their house and give shares of meat to all other households. In them they don't drag stones.
text: 4. Chato, No stone dragging. In this he feasts the villagers. They engage one man and (42) one woman and they take broken gourds and the woman puts it near her sexual part.
text: Sikhi - house horn
text: Kerikhohu with the stone circle
text: (After that monoliths are set up and a pond made in the sacrificer's []. His khel still cleans out the pond.)
text: Kherhitse
text: Heka.