The Nagas

Hill Peoples of Northeast India

Project Introduction The Naga Database

typescript - J.H. Hutton's tour diary in the Naga Hills

caption: Request for a school and for a foreign buffalo grazier at Tofima
medium: tours
ethnicgroup: Angami <TengimaAngami <Thevoma
location: Gariphema (Garifema) Tophema (Tofima) Kohima Infoma
date: 15.12.1925
production:
person: Hutton/ J.H.
date: 16.11.1925-17.12.1925
acquirer:
person: Pitt Rivers Museum Archive, Oxford
refnum: Hutton Ms. Box 2
text: 15th December
text: To Garifema via Tofima which I recounted. In Tofima there are two divisions of the Angami population spoken of as Tengima and Thevoma, the former answering to the Cheroma or Solhima of Kohima and other villages. As at Kohima, round stone memorials are made for persons who have during their lives attained to the performance of the Zatse genna, whereas lesser persons get rectangular stone memorials only. These memorials - both round and rectangular - are often made with a preliminary plinth of greater area than the main one, giving a sort of pyramidical form. They said it was to prevent slipping.
text: Tofima are wishful for a School. If the orders of Government allowing Deputy Commissioner to open 10 new Schools per annum, or fewer, are released from being held in obeyance, they can have a School. This year's grant will not stretch as far as Tofima. Tofima are willing to build the School and a house for the schoomaster and to let him have rice at Government rates.
text: Tofima also want to import a grazier from Infoma. I said that I had no objection, but that I should accept no complaints for damage to Tofima crops by his buffaloes and that if other villages (e.g. Garifema) had their crops so damaged, I should refer them to the Tofima Gaonburas. As a matter of fact, the only people who want the graziers are the Gaonburas who eat a tax on each buffalo from the grazier. This is rarely, I think, passed on the village as a community and if they object to the grazier's presence, it is represented as due to the Deputy Commissioner's orders. The buffaloes do damage to the crops and spoil the land for jhuming, and the villagers generally dislike them. No one drinks milk and this kuti is too far off to be of any value as a source of supply to Kohima.