The Nagas

Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland Mon as a dominating village with many colonies books Konyaks Mon Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The old village of Mon occupies the top of one of the highest hills in t...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland the power and prestige of Ang of Mon; mound of stones for heads books Konyaks Mon Furer-Haimendorf 1970 (235) The Ang of Mon, whom I visited when the genna cau...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland executions of subjects in old style, and new councils books Konyaks Mon Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Like other chiefs the Angs of Mon were autocratic rulers who had ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland divisions of sections of aristocratic class of Mon books Konyaks Mon Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The aristocratic class of Mon is divided into three sections, Known ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland forked posts at Totok for mithan sacrifice books Konyaks Totok Furer-Haimendorf 1970 After I had visited Chui, Shangnyu and Mon, I went to see Totok, tradition...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to see the old interpreter, Chingai books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 One of the most heart-warming experiences of my stay in Mon was the visit to Chin...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland celebration and speeches at local school books Kikon Lhota Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 During my stay at the district headquarters I also had an opportunity ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland decides on brief excursion to Tang books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 So far I had seen only villages which could be reached by jeep, and as there was no...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland crossing the Tapti river on a suspension bridge books Konyaks Tapi R. (Tapti R.) Furer-Haimendorf 1970 From Mon the path descended steeply through rice fields....
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland description of arrival at Tang; grave huts books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 At the far bank we were faced by a steep and very hot climb. After about an...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland houses and roofs in Tang books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 After crossing a ditch which used to be part of the fortifications (238) of Tang, we came to ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland old men divining with sticks to decide where cultivation should be books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 A gaonbura, wearing a red cloth, and the teacher of...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland eating rice, pork, smoked rats, and drinking books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 After the omens of the bamboo-sticks had been taken the food brought by t...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland legends of foundation and hundreds of captured heads books Konyaks Tang Chinglong (Chinlong) Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The Tang people have the tradition that the ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland intermarriage between Angs of different villages books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Feuds, however, were only episodes in their relations with neighbouri...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland extremely powerful position of Angs books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Within his own village the Ang used to occupy an extremely powerful position. He c...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland the old, opium smoking Ang and his family history books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The Ang I met was an oldish man, apparently much addicted to smoking...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland drinking and smoking opium books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 That evening we went to talk to the Ang, and to lighten the atmosphere I brought two bottle...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland road contractors and resistance fighters books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Among them was a curious man in the remnant of a green uniform and an upturne...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland girls join in drinking books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 After some time it was suggested that we should also offer some rum to the ladies of the house,...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland introduction of Christianity and its benefits books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The next day we went to the house of a man who seemed to rival the Ang i...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland curious abandonment of old faith for Christianity books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 (241) Our host admitted that he had two wives, but excused himself b...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland sexual permissiveness still unaffected by Baptists' puritanism books Konyaks Tang Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Though the puritanism preached by the Baptists may ulti...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to Yoting; a Christian burial ceremony filmed books Konyaks Yoting Furer-Haimendorf 1970 On our way back I wanted to spend a few hours in Yoting, a villa...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland the funeral or burial ceremony books Konyaks Yoting Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the house of death there was wailing and chanting, and the beating of gongs. Final...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland funeral an example of intermeshing of Christianity and traditional beliefs books Konyaks Yoting Furer-Haimendorf 1970 This funeral was a good example of the in...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland remarkable uniformity in autocratic villages books Konyaks Wanchu Tang Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The visit to Tang concluded my tour of the villages ruled...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland marriage rules in the Thendu villages books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the villages of the Thendu group, on the other hand, neither members of chiefly li...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland commoners marriage rules books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Commoners are bound by similar rules. The commoner clans of the same village do not intermarry, po...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland power and purity of blood of the great Angs books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The great Angs of such villages as Mon, Chui, or Tang are autocratic rulers of ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland start of erosion of Angs authority with councils etc books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The beginnings of an erosion of their authority are noticeable in all ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland need for urgent anthropological research books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 As anthropologists, we must hope that this remarkable institution, almost unique i...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland drive towards Wakching, by way of Tanhai books Konyaks Tanhai Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The highlight of my visit to Nagaland was still to come. To see Wa...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland arrival at Wakching; changes books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Passing Shiong land we finally approached Wakching, and my heart was beating with ant...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland walk around Wakching; delight of villagers books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 We had not been expected, but the bungalow was soon opened, and the bro...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland changes in the village books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 When I reached the top the village seemed to look somewhat different. Houses had crept clos...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland sadness at the death of Shankok, his son books Shankok/ of Wakching Shoupa/ of Wakching Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 I had heard already that Shankok...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland memories shared and meeting old friends books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 As we entered his house, several older men joined us and I gradually recog...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland meeting Shankok's sister books Shankok Shouba Lipung/ of Wakching Meniu/ of Wakching Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Shoupa's house was much the same as...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit Henlong's house and find her there books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Finally I went to the house of Henlong, the beautiful girl, whose photogr...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland filming of the rice harvesting in the fields books Shoupa Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 (247) The next day we accompanied Shoupa to one of his fields ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland watching people carrying loads of rice up books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 From a rest-platform at the end of the forest we looked down on the gold...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland watching the cutting of rice books Shoupa Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 At Shoupa's field a large crowd of workers were already busy. The centre of th...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland threshing huts books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The small boys picked up the sheaves and rushed with them to the threshing hut. There they threw th...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland perfect co-ordination of workers when threshing books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 There was an atmosphere of excitement, and though the workers were...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland carrying the rice up in the rain books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 At about 3 p.m. nearly the whole field was reaped, and the first loads of rice we...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland the rice yield books Shoupa Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Shoupa had expected a yield of over hundred baskets from this one field, but in the end a hu...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland tracing the fortunes of various families through household census books Shoupa Chinyang/ of Wakching Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The fine weather I ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland new furniture and ornaments books Shoupa Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the houses of the wealthier people I noticed the appearance of some new item...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland effects of educational changes books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 A more fundamental change is likely to be brought about by the educational institut...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland problems of schooling and learning English books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The medium of instruction was English, but the pupils' level of compreh...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to Wanching; new church good morung carvings books Konyaks Wanching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 On the following day we drove to the neighbouring village of Wa...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland maintenance and decay of morungs books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In Wakching too the morung had all been maintained, and two which had been destro...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland village government and councils books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In accordance with the administrative system common to all parts of Nagaland, each village ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland political contests and new governmental structures books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The whole idea of elections and indirect representation on bodi...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland enormous political changes; head hunting books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The change of attitudes involved in all these new alignments is profound. Only tho...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland internal village loyalties decrease, but some rituals maintained books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 With the possibility of advancement in the world ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland tribute payments and exogamy books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Yet, unlike some of the smaller Konyak villages, Wakching has retained the basic fram...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland tribute payments in cash books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Some of the dependent villages have begun to make the payments in cash, but the Wakching ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland tenacity of customs despite Christianity books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 While in smaller villages the introduction of Christianity has led to the...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland daily routine of life in Wakching and other villages little changed books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Despite the changes in political outlook and r...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland pressure on land and growing food shortages, population pressure books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 It would be misleading, however, to generalize fr...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland no surplus from farming for buying goods; wage labour books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Agriculture as it is practised at present does not yield a surplus wh...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland difficulties in the future if government money ends books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the future, however, the inflow of funds provided by the central gov...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland problems of literacy and education; numbers of schools books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Closely linked with the prospects for economic development is the pr...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland relations of Christian missions to education books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the minds of most Konyaks, education is associated with Christianity, and i...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland abandonment of old tribal religion and ritual to Christianity books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Today there are many Konyak communities which have totally ab...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland resistance to Christianity by the old autocrats; the new powerful Christian officials books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 It is mainly in the villages traditio...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland views on whether times were improving books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the course of my stay in Wakching I asked many of my old friends whether ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland belief that Nagas were being corrupted from outside; drink; high wages books Konyaks Wakching Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Most surprising, perhaps, was the reaction ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland a rise in the standard of living books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Objectively, however, the standard of living had clearly risen, and I only wondered whethe...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland some sentimental visits in Wakching books Henlong Shikna Shoupa Shongna Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 My last day in Wakching was devoted to several sentimenta...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland farewell to Wakching and to Shankok's sister books Konyaks Wakching Lipung Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The most emotional farewell was that from Shankok's sister Lip...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to Longkhai, much destroyed books Konyaks Longkhai Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Another emotional experience, however, was still in store for (257) me. On the d...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland meeting with widow of Ang of Longkhai; death of Ngapnun books Ngapnun Mauwang Likau/ of Longkhai Konyaks Longkhai Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In the porch of the Ang...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland reasons for change in Longkhai - Christianity books Konyaks Longkhai Furer-Haimendorf 1970 There are various reasons for the change of atmosphere in Longkhai, ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland underground resistance and destruction of Longkhai books Konyaks Longkhai Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Another reason for the transformation of Longkhai was the fact ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland departure in sadness, old friends dead books Konyaks Longkhai Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The gaonbura who had welcomed me had still a head-hunter's face tattoo, and...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to Shiong, much modernization books Ahon Henphong/ of Shiong Konyaks Shiong Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Another familiar village where modernization had made f...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland looking at old photographs, new dress and customs books Henphong/ of Shiong Chingwang/ of Shiong Konyaks Shiong Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The entire village had em...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland numbers of officers and government employees books Chingwang/ of Shiong Henphong/ of Shiong Konyaks Shiong Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The population of Shiong was t...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland meeting with a Naga minister books Konyaks Chingwang/ of Shiong Shoupa/ of Wakching Kikon Lhota Furer-Haimendorf 1970 On my return to the district headquarters...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland a radio recorded interview books Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The next morning a team from All-India Radio recorded a discussion between the minister and myse...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland salute of guard of honour books Chingwang/ of Shiong Konyaks Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Nothing could have illustrated the change in Nagaland better than the scene ...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland visit to the Apa Tanis books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Shortly afterwards I regretfully left Nagaland to spend a few days among the Apa Tanis' of the North East Fr...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland massive outside aid and rise in consumerism books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In both areas the massive injection of public funds had led to a rapid development of c...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland differences between Nagas and Apa Tanis books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 There is a further difference between the two populations. Among the Konyak Nagas most of t...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland effects of Christianity on old customs books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Another factor furthering fundamental changes in the social pattern of Nagaland is the sprea...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland influence of Verrier Elwin's principles on tribal development books Elwin/ Verrier Nehru Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In my opinion the stability and smooth developme...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland future dangers in rise of demand and shortage of jobs books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 Both in Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh there may, however, be the danger that...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland advice about education books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 In both areas it would be wise to direct education mainly to fields relevant to the development of local res...
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Chapter Twenty-seven. Return to Nagaland hopes for the Naga future books Furer-Haimendorf 1970 The sympathetic observer captivated by the charm, good humour and resilience of the Nagas in a changing w...
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Chapter one. The Beginning Assamese tribes books Graham Bower/ Ursula (1) In the extreme north-east corner of India the long inlet of the Brahmaputra Valley cuts back deeply into the ranges running do...
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Chapter one. The Beginning the Nagas books Graham Bower/ Ursula The Nagas are divided into a number of different tribes and sub-tribes, Angamis, Rengmas, Tangkhuls, Lhotas, Semas, Aos, and many more t...
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Chapter one. The Beginning British colonial administration books Mills Pawsey Graham Bower/ Ursula Under British administration the Naga country and the other Assam hill-tracts formed " excluded areas...
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Chapter one. The Beginning effect of missionaries and the Plains books Graham Bower/ Ursula In the administered areas Mission and Plains influence have altered the tribes much. Caps, boots and trouser...
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Chapter one. The Beginning first impressions of the Naga Hills, 1937 books 1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula It all began in 1937 when, as a girl of twenty-three, I was on a visit to India. A broad belt of ju...
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Chapter one. The Beginning first sight of the Nagas books Lexie Graham Bower/ Ursula A group of hillmen scattered before us and stood on the roadside, staring. They were not the slim-built Assamese of...
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Chapter one. The Beginning Kohima books Kohima Graham Bower/ Ursula We breakfasted at Kohima, whose tidy bungalows and red-roofed lines spread out along the spurs in the shadow of Japvo. I don't remem...
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Chapter one. The Beginning arrival in Manipur books Graham Bower/ Ursula (5) Dazed, tired, bewildered, and not sure what had happened, I was decanted from the car that evening in the middle of Manipur...
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