The Nagas

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection death during harvest genna notes 1942-10-19:1942-10-19 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection A death while the crops are ripe and the harvest is being gathered entails a day's na called 'neo-sit-na. No fieldwork is done, nor work in ..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Ukhrul Next burial at Ukhrul notes Tangkhul Ukhrul 1939-02-01:1939-02-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Betts papers, folder 7 (1) Tangkhul Funeral Ukhrul, Feb: 1939. 1. Old man ..
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Paozeguong of Asalu Haichangnang Namrebuing of Asalu Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next extinct village of Izeingram; Angami raiding Graham Bower Ursula Previous Angami 29 extinct village of Izeingram; Angami raiding notes Paozeguong of Asalu Haichangnang ..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Asalu Laisong Betts papers, ring binder 1 notes Next carved stone figures Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 carved stone figures notes Asalu Laisong 1942-09-01:1942-09-31 1945-03-05:1945-03-05 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 ..
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Zuingpeo Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Asalu Impoi 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next beliefs with regard to animals killing a python Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 beliefs with regard to animals killing a python notes Zuingpeo Asalu Impoi 1939-01-01:1939-12-31 1940-01-01:1940-12-31 ..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Betts papers, ring binder 1 notes Next beliefs with regard to animals tigers Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 beliefs with regard to animals tigers notes 1940-07-01:1940-07-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Betts papers, ring..
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Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Kabui feasts of merit: Valudungna and Tarangkai notes Kaitanzung Kabui Majulon (Majuron) 1939-01-01:1939-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Betts papers, folder 3 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Social gennas. Feasts of Merit. 1.Kabui..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Asalu Hakaokhang Betts papers, folder 6 notes Next notes on Siemi sites site four Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 notes on Siemi sites site four notes Asalu Hakaokhang 1945-05-12:1945-05-12 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 ..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Nenglo Jiri R. Betts papers, folder 6 notes Next notes on Siemi sites site eight Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 notes on Siemi sites site eight notes Nenglo Jiri R. 1945-09-10:1945-09-10 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Betts..
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1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Paddhekot (Padhekot) Betts papers, folder 6 notes Next notes on Siemi sites site fourteen Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 notes on Siemi sites site fourteen notes Paddhekot (Padhekot) 1943-01-01:1943-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-..
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Namkiabuing of Impoi Sangchikamba of Asalu Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge 1940-01-01:1944-12-31 notes 'Asa and Munsarung' - myth 'Asa and Trruwong' - myth Graham Bower Ursula Previous 30 'Asa and Munsarung' - myth 'Asa and Trruwong' - myth notes Namkiabuing of Impoi Sangchikamba of Asalu..
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1950-01-01:1950-12-31 M.A. thesis, University College, London Hangrum Next Chapter six: Cycle migration migration-history of the Hangrum community theses Nzemi Hangrum 1940-01-01:1940-12-31 Betts U.V. 1950-01-01:1950-12-31 M.A. thesis, University College, London footnotes indicated by boxes within ..
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Pawsey C.R. 1936-06-01:1937-06-31 Chapter Two. Feasts Of Merit the siege of Kohima in 1944 books Pawsey C.R. Angami 1944-01-01:1944-12-31 Furer-Haimendorf 1936-06-01:1937-06-31 How different was the siege of 1944. Both sides were then armed with modern weapons. Once again the defenders of Kohima ..
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Chapter two. Solo Flight after Barak trip, touring alone with filming equipment books 1939-01-07:1939-01-16 Graham Bower Ursula The Barak trip over, I applied to the Political Agent for permission to go into the hills alone to do my anthropological photography. Leave was, after a delay, granted - a..
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expedition in the Tangkhul area Chapter two. Solo Flight books 1939-02-10:1939-04-20 Graham Bower Ursula A month later, with the first few films and notes secured and the preliminary canters safely over, I left on my first real expedition - to Ukhrul, to Nungbi and the Tangkhul country. Next R91528..
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Chingjaroi Khulen Chingjaroi Khunao expedition in the Tangkhul area Chapter two. Solo Flight Chingjaroi camp; three settlements at Chingjaroi; headmen books Chingjaroi Khulen Chingjaroi Khunao 1939-02-17:1939-02-22 Graham Bower Ursula Climbing round and over the shoulder of a great hill, we came, ..
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Chingjui Mt. expedition in the Tangkhul area Chapter two. Solo Flight climb of Chingjui Hill books Chingjui Mt. 1939-02-22:1939-02-22 Graham Bower Ursula Most of the time was spent in photography and dispensary work, clambering up and down the stepped village, through dust and corn-cobs, with ..
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expedition in the Tangkhul area Chapter two. Solo Flight march to Paowi; 'flu books 1939-02-23:1939-02-23 Graham Bower Ursula From Chingjaroi we bore back to the south. The elders said good-bye to us under the bare bauhinias at the ford. Their red blankets showed for a minute on the far slope, ..
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expedition in the Tangkhul area Chapter two. Solo Flight Ukhrul to Tuinem; Tuinem weaving books 1939-02-25:1939-02-27 Graham Bower Ursula Then we reached Ukhrul again. I still had 'flu, but money and stores were short, and we could not halt a day. We turned to the west, and, arrived at Tuinem, ..
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Abung Chapter three. Second Attack leaving Imphal for another trip; new and awkward compounder books Abung 1939-03-09:1939-03-09 Graham Bower Ursula (24) A week later, fortified by experience and stocked up with medicines, we left again. But, on this trip, anthropology took second place. I had ..
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Luikai Chapter three. Second Attack march to Lambui; difficulties with Luikai; on to Nungbi books Luikai 1939-03-10:1939-03-10 Graham Bower Ursula The next day we marched right through to Lambui, a matter of seventeen miles and very steep. At the top of Lambui hill, another of my servants, Luikai -..
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Chapter three. Second Attack embarrasment caused by compounder books 1939-03-14:1939-03-14 Graham Bower Ursula The last morning there broke warm and sunny. The light slanted in through the flimsy walls, spotting the floor and silhouetting the humped jappas. I reached for my tea while Abung, a pint-..
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Abung Kharasom Chapter three. Second Attack to Paotong, then Kharasom books Abung Kharasom 1939-03-16:1939-03-17 Graham Bower Ursula The next stop was at the Kuki village of Paotong, where an old lady who came to get liniment was excessively friendly and tried to give me a chaw of tobacco as well ..
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Chingjaroi Chapter three. Second Attack called to Chingjaroi for medical help books Chingjaroi 1939-03-18:1939-03-18 Graham Bower Ursula We were to have halted at Kharasom; but at noon on our first rest-day, when the camp was festooned with washing and all the porters dispersed up the village, in ..
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Jessami Chapter four. Black Magic visit to Jessami books Jessami 1939-03-25:1939-03-25 Graham Bower Ursula (32) Our next stage on from Kharasom was to a village called Jessami, on the long tongue of Manipur which juts into Naga Hills. The moment the name was mentioned, the men showed an odd unease...
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Jessami Chapter four. Black Magic witchcraft at Jessami books Jessami 1939-03-26:1939-03-26 Graham Bower Ursula Next morning I held a lone-hand dispensary which was well-attended. At eleven o'clock I was reading in peace, when the door burst open. There was a surge of men, and the hut was suddenly ..
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Chapter four. Black Magic Paowi to Huimi; Chinaorang ill books 1939-04-07:1939-04-07 Graham Bower Ursula From our old camp at Paowi we turned westward and scrambled up and down Naga paths in wild spring weather which grew steadily worse, and from that moment things began to go wrong. We arrived at ..
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Chapter four. Black Magic to Phungam; poor camp books 1939-04-13:1939-04-13 Graham Bower Ursula Next day we climbed up through the misty forests and over the range. Chinaorang was still lame, the men had coughs and chills, and Luikai, glooming along behind me, was (38) prophesying pneumonia for ..
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Chapter four. Black Magic Phungam to Huining; to Ukhrul and back books 1939-04-15:1939-04-17 Graham Bower Ursula We halted next day in only slightly improved conditions and then pushed forward to Huining, the weather, thank goodness, clearing as we went, and the men's spirits picking up with it. It..
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Mills J.P. Chapter five. Change of Course visit to J.P. Mills in Shillong; proposal to go to North Cachar to study Nagas books Mills J.P. 1940-01-01:1940-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula In January I went to Shillong to see Mr J. P. Mills, then Governor's Secretary and Director of Ethnography in Assam. He..
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Chapter five. Change of Course Zemi Nagas; leaves for North Cachar books 1940-02-01:1940-02-31 Graham Bower Ursula I had already read Soppitt's monograph on the Zemi Nagas. They were, one supposed, the same sad, shabby lot we had seen in 1938 along the railway. But they were akin to the Kabui, a ..
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Laisong Chapter six. Introduction to the Zemi on to Laisong books Laisong 1940-03-08:1940-03-09 Graham Bower Ursula The road was now a rocky shelf along the face of the Barail. It climbed and climbed through tall-trunked mountain forest, (52) till the trees thinned and gave way to scrub and old ..
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Masang Laisong Chapter six. Introduction to the Zemi gathering of Zemi at Laisong; buffalo and mithan killed for a feast books Masang Laisong 1940-03-10:1940-03-11 Graham Bower Ursula There was to be a mass gathering of the Zemi here, with a feast and dance at which they and I might meet one ..
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Chapter six. Introduction to the Zemi dance and feast at Laisong books 1940-03-11:1940-03-11 Graham Bower Ursula By dusk the village hummed. After dark the drums began to thud, first singly, then more and more, as the leaders gathered their teams together. Lights danced up and down the street; and ..
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Namkia Chapter seven. Reconnaissance looking for place to do fieldwork; ambivalence of Zemi books Namkia 1940-03-12:1940-03-12 Graham Bower Ursula (56) The next day I parted from the S.D.O. at the village gate and set off on my own for the first time in a year. The tour was one of exploration, of ..
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Gaidiliu Dikheo Guilong Chapter seven. Reconnaissance Guilong; Gaidiliu's reincarnation books Gaidiliu Dikheo Guilong 1940-03-24:1940-03-25 Graham Bower Ursula There was no stating of a request, no calm discussion. Down the intruder plumped and claimed my whole attention. If it strayed back to my ..
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Ngaulong Chapter eight. Exile. return to Haflong; woman fanatic arrested at Ngaulong books Ngaulong 1940-07-01:1940-07-31 Graham Bower Ursula At the end of July we returned to Haflong and found out what had been happening in the Zemi country. The storm-centre had been in Naga Hills, a day or so ..
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Samrangba Chapter nine. First-Fruits Festival return to Laisong; water supply; garden books Samrangba 1940-08-01:1940-08-31 Graham Bower Ursula (71) By the end of August everything was still quiet, and we were allowed back to Laisong at last. We found that the gardener and caretaker had kept the ..
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Dinekamba Rangalang Degalang Chapter eleven. The Affair of Degalang elopement books Dinekamba Rangalang Degalang 1940-10-01:1940-10-31 Graham Bower Ursula (87) At half-past ten on a bright October morning Degalang the dog-boy eloped with Dinekamba's sister. Namkia and I were in the family's rice-..
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Rangalang Dinekamba Degalang Impoi Chapter eleven. The Affair of Degalang girl expelled from Impoi a year later because of thieving books Rangalang Dinekamba Degalang Impoi 1941-01-01:1941-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula A year later, he and I came into the head of the village street. It was almost dark...
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Namkia Chapter twelve. Symphony on Two Floors visit to Calcutta with Namkia books Namkia 1940-10-01:1940-10-31 Graham Bower Ursula (93) At the end of the same October which saw the elopement I went to Calcutta for a ten days' holiday and shopping-spree. I had been a year up-country; the cobwebs ..
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Namkia Chapter twelve. Symphony on Two Floors sequel books Namkia 1942-01-01:1942-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula Two years later in Shillong, an officer, seeing Namkia and Haichangnang waiting outside on the hotel drive, pointed them out to me as Nagas - he didn't suppose, he said, I had seen any before..
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Paodekumba Chapter thirteen. Hgangi the Christmas mithan books Paodekumba 1940-12-01:1940-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula (98) I found myself faced that winter with a lone Christmas at Laisong. The Zemi New Year Feast of Hgangi fell directly after; so it looked as though we were in for a riotous time. We..
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Chapter thirteen. Hgangi New Year feast of Hgangi books 1941-01-01:1941-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula Hgangi began a few days later. This great feast marks the turn of the year. It opens with the parting of the dead from the living; with its main day, Hgangi itself, the old year closes and the new ..
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Chapter fourteen. Things That Go Bump in the Night. ghosts and poltergeists books 1941-01-01:1941-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula Like most New Year resolutions, it was never kept. (107) The parting of the Zemi dead from the living and the various propitiatory sacrifices to spirits were not the only ..
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Namkia Haichangnang Chapter twenty-two. The Coming of War visit to Calcutta books Namkia Haichangnang 1941-12-01:1941-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula I went to Calcutta again in December, 1941, on my annual holiday, and once more took Namkia. This time he insisted on bringing Haichangnang for company, ..
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Namkia war work: running a canteen at Lumding junction Chapter twenty-two. The Coming of War books Namkia 1942-03-01:1942-03-31 Graham Bower Ursula Our luck was out. They had stopped sending women workers up the roads, because the conditions there were so appalling. In the last days of March, 1942,..
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Laisong Chapter twenty-four. Famine return to Laisong books Laisong 1942-05-01:1942-05-31 Graham Bower Ursula (174) Not till the middle of May 1942 did we see Laisong again. We came crawling back over the Tolpui pass, exhausted, a shadow of the party which marched off. We were worn out, worked to a..
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Wright Col. Rawdon Dinekamba 'V' Force - 'watch and ward' Chapter twenty-five. The Colonel books Wright Col. Rawdon Dinekamba 1942-08-01:1942-08-31 Graham Bower Ursula (180) In early August I heard from Haflong that a Colonel Rawdon Wright was coming to see me. One could, from the bungalow, see a ..
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Critchley Perry Paodekumba Chapter twenty-six. Recruiting recruiting for 'V' Force books Critchley Perry Paodekumba 1942-10-01:1942-10-31 Graham Bower Ursula (186) Nothing much happened till October. Then, quite suddenly, another "V" Force Colonel dropped in. A young and extremely tall one it was ..
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Chapter twenty-seven. The Scheme Begins 'watch and ward' in operation books 1942-12-01:1942-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula (193) By early December Watch and Ward was in operation, though, pending invasion, it had not been extended forward to its scheduled frontier along the Barak from Henima village ..
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Binny Col. Namkia Rintening Chapter twenty-seven. The Scheme Begins visit from commander of 'V' Force, Assam, bringing guns books Binny Col. Namkia Rintening 1943-01-01:1943-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula In January Colonel Binny, our immediate C.O., who commanded " V " Force Assam Zone with H.Q. in ..
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Chapter twenty-nine. Crisis Japanese advance books 1944-03-28:1944-03-28 Graham Bower Ursula (205) On March 28th, 1944, the midday news which came over on the amenities radio was not good. The Jap attack along the Manipur front seemed to be making progress. The news bulletins, however, didn't say ..
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Mahur Chapter twenty-nine. Crisis meeting at Mahur books Mahur 1944-04-01:1944-04-01 Graham Bower Ursula I'd had a brief note from Perry by then, summoning me to Mahur on April 1st for a conference. I found him at the rest-house. Any troops that anyone could lay hands on, sections of this, platoons..
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Tibbetts Bill Albright Ison Archer Barak R. Chapter thirty-two. Tamenglong crossing the Barak River books Tibbetts Bill Albright Ison Archer Barak R. 1944-05-01:1944-05-31 Graham Bower Ursula (224) In the middle of May we received permission to move forward, permission for which we had been ..
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Perry Albright Scott Laisong Magulong Chapter thirty-two. Tamenglong leave in Calcutta, then 'watch and ward' wound up books Perry Albright Scott Laisong Magulong 1944-11-01:1944-11-31 Graham Bower Ursula I was due for leave and took it, Bill staying in charge. Down in Calcutta, it was an effort to..
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Betts Col. Chapter thirty-three. The Man Who Came to Catch Butterflies Colonel Betts comes to catch butterflies books Betts Col. 1945-05-01:1945-05-31 Graham Bower Ursula (231) There was nothing very much in the mail that day except a letter from a Colonel Betts, of "V" Force, who wanted to come ..
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Betts Col. Mills Chapter thirty-three. The Man Who Came to Catch Butterflies Colonel Betts and the 'Naga Queen' to Shillong and marriage books Betts Col. Mills 1945-07-01:1945-07-31 Graham Bower Ursula His baptismal names, it appeared, were Frederick Nicholson, but he was usually known as Tim. His ..
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