The Nagas

Nriami clan Neomi clan private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next exogamy Graham Bower Ursula Previous Zemi 27 exogamy notes Nriami clan Neomi clan Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Exogamous Groups The Zemi have two main divisions, Nriami and Neomi, both of..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nenglo notes on Nenglo village notes Zemi Nenglo Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Notes on Nenglo Village (Zemi Naga), North Cachar Hills. 1. This is a village of 40 odd houses and one of the few in which the Neomi clan ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection head-taking notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Ho Ho asan Ka-ha-zam! Ambo, Ambo! (Heads taken; a repetition for each head taken). Ho Ho-hazam, hazam - Ao-ee! (Enemy wounded, but escaped) (done from a distance when ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage incest notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Incest It would seem that while originally the Nriami and probably the Nkuoami were strictly exogamous groups, the rules have in many villages been relaxed ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage love marriages notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Many marriages are the result of a couple falling in love and of a courtship in the dekachang and elsewhere, but among the richest and poorest ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage parents' role in marriage-making notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection When the parents of an eligible young man feel it is time he married, they begin to drop hints and make inquiries as to whether he..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage bride-price notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection On the day, the boy's parents go to the girl's house with a party of friends and kinsmen, choosing the best debaters available, and the mathais, if the..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage elopement notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection The above-mentioned ceremonies are those customary in a formal marriage, generally between families of some standing, and they are also observed when the..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection conditions of marriage residence after marriage notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Residence and place of cohabitation Husband and wife live in the same house. A young couple do not usually have a separate house, but the ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Asalu conditions of marriage bride-price notes Zemi Asalu Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection One girl in Asalu cost her father-in-law - nominally, at least - over Rs 200-, which included Rs 80- in cash, a mithan and a necklace; but ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Naga nationalism notes articles 1961-01-01:1961-12-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection [9] [draft article] The Commonwealth's Unknown War : a summing-up by Ursula Graham Bower For the best part of seven years the Unknown War has ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection agriculture - harvesting notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Agriculture If a villager is having difficulty in getting his crop reaped, through illness or other causes, his fellow-villagers may decide to do a day's work ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection [11] Halei-Na (March) (Heramui must be performed before this genna. After Heramui cucumbers, maize and kachu are planted in the old jhums.) Next R86280 R86280 Previous ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna first day. Harrok-na (jhum-firing genna) notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 1st day. Harrok-na (jhum-firing genna). Formerly it was forbidden to bring water into the house on this day for fear of the jhums ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna second day. Halei-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 2nd day. Halei-na. The village is strictly closed. Everyone rises fasting. The old man of the house, or if there is none, one called for the purpose, ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna third day. Ka-ntoa-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 3rd day. Ka-ntoa-na. In the morning the young men go fasting to a place near the path below the village, dig up a patch of ground, plant rice, and ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna fourth day. Kangim-bu-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 4th day. Kangim-bu-na. The village is strictly closed. No water may be carried or work done. The girls of each dekachang have a feast, bringing a ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna fifth day. Ntoa-gwa-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 5th day. Ntoa-gwa-na. First thing in the morning the buck who planted the rice goes fasting with one or two others to one of the nearer jhums and ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna sixth day. Haba-para-piak-penna notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 6th day. Haba-para-piak-penna. In the morning all the women and girls go to the path below the village, each taking some cotton seeds and a..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna seventh day. Kan-tsi-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 7th day. Kan-tsi-na. On this day, or any convenient day when going to the jhums, each man makes a little fenced square with four sticks and digs up..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna eighth day. Heliem-zao-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 8th day. Heliem-zao-na. No field work is done, but the village is not closed. All is made ready for the following day. A pig is bought [sic]. Men..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Halei-na genna ninth day. Heliem-na notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 9th day. Heliem-na. The pig is turned loose and caught by the bucks in the morning, and is then taken to the hazoa (Impoi and Asalu) or the lower ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Abung Shamshu Arjun Jeffery C.F. Gaideleu private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from Ursula Graham Bower preparations for trip to Kakadan Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from Ursula Graham Bower preparations for trip to Kakadan letters notes Abung Shamshu Arjun..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Ukhrul letters from Ursula Graham Bower preparations for trip to Nungbi and Chingjaroi letters notes Ukhrul 1939-02-12:1939-02-12 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Feb 12th 1939 Ukhrul, Manipur State My dear Humps, ........I am ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Luikai of Nungbi Khunao Abung Saknio of Ukhrul Chinaorang of Nungbi Khunao private collection Chingjaroi 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from Ursula Graham Bower description of servants Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from Ursula Graham Bower description of servants letters..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Jessami letters from Ursula Graham Bower witchcraft at Jessami letters notes Khizami Jessami 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection We had a spot of bother on arriving here from Kharasom. Both Chingjaroi and ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Luchai letters from Ursula Graham Bower were-tiger letters notes Luchai 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection On my last trip I went to a Tangkhul village called Luchai, and during the night, so the coolies swore,..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Saknio private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from Ursula Graham Bower flirting Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from Ursula Graham Bower flirting letters notes Saknio 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection We have just..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection letters from Ursula Graham Bower women; spitting letters notes 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection All the women who have nothing else to do have come into the basha uninvitd and are having a field-day among my ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection letters from Ursula Graham Bower film letters notes 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Kodaks have sent up a parcel of cine films, most of which are pretty good; I'm most relieved considering the miles I hiked ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection letters from Ursula Graham Bower medical work letters notes 1939-03-30:1939-03-30 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection I am due back in Imphal on April 20th, but considering how little we have adhered to schedule, that's nothing to go..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection letters from Ursula Graham Bower back to Imphal; sadness at leaving letters notes 1939-04-21:1939-04-21 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection April 21st Well, here we are back in Imphal at last, the party disbanded and the long trek ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Luikai private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from Ursula Graham Bower description of Luikai Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from Ursula Graham Bower description of Luikai letters notes Luikai Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection [first ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Jangsang private collection Jessami 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from Ursula Graham Bower Jessami without a Compounder; witchcraft incident Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from Ursula Graham Bower Jessami without a Compounder; witchcraft incident letters notes Jangsang ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection letters from Ursula Graham Bower from Jessami to Huining letters notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection From Jessami we turned south again to Kharasom and Chingjaroi, then to Paowi, then to Kachai, where we met a chicken-pox ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mills J.P. Betts Tim Godfrey private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower letters notes Mills J.P. Betts Tim Godfrey 1945-11-30:1945-11-30 Graham Bower Ursula..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mills J.P. Archer private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower letters notes Mills J.P. Archer 1945-11-06:1945-11-06 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mills J.P. Betts Tim private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower letters notes Mills J.P. Betts Tim 1945-10-29:1945-10-29 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mills J.P. Perry Betts Tim private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower letters notes Mills J.P. Perry Betts Tim 1945-10-23:1945-10-23 Graham Bower Ursula ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mills J.P. Archer private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 letters notes Next letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 letters from J.P. Mills to Ursula Graham Bower letters notes Mills J.P. Archer 1945-02-20:1945-02-20 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Gobin Laisong marriage notes Zemi Gobin Laisong Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Marriage. If a boy gets married, a girl of the same house may not marry that year. If one boy gets married, another from the same house may not get ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Ngwobuing of Thingje private collection 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next marriage and 'apotia' deaths Graham Bower Ursula Previous Zemi 27 marriage and 'apotia' deaths notes Ngwobuing of Thingje Zemi 1944-02-01:1944-02-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection MARRIAGE AND "..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection food taboos notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Food Taboos. The following may be eaten by old men only: 1. python 2. tiger, leopard-cat, leopard, and jungle-cats generally. 3. game which had strayed into the village and been ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection use of personal names notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Personal names The use of these is very restricted, as it implies parental or near-parental relationship in the speaker. They are used only 1) by parents, friends ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection theft notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Thefts Thefts of dhan from another village were punished - if the culprits were traced - by heavy fines, a mithan, a deo-moni necklace, or even land. Thefts of dhan in the village ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection games notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Boys 1) A brass earring is put in a hole in the ground, and all the players put their hands in the hole and grab for the ring at a given single. The one who gets it runs off and is ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nungbi Khunou (Nungbi Khunao) artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower Tangkhul pottery notes Tangkhul Nungbi Khunou (Nungbi Khunao) 1940-02-15:1940-02-15 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Tangkhul pottery, Nungbi Khunao 1) "..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Ngapum artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower married woman's walking stick notes Tangkhul Ngapum 1940-02-15:1940-02-15 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 3) "Theithing" - Tangkhul married woman's walking stick. Given to a girl ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nungbi Khunou (Nungbi Khunao) artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower girl's necklace notes Tangkhul Nungbi Khunou (Nungbi Khunao) Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 4) "Cha" - Tangkhul girl's necklace. After marriage the more ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nungha (Nunghar) artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower Tangkhul spear notes Nungha (Nunghar) 1940-02-15:1940-02-15 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 5) "Kachei" - Tangkhul spear; ordinary model, rather battered. From Nunghar ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Namkiabuing of Impoi Haichangnang private collection Mandu 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower stone-bowled tobacco pipe Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower stone-bowled tobacco pipe notes Namkiabuing of Impoi ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Laisong artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower young man's ear-plus and feather ornaments notes Laisong Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Buck's ear-plugs and feather ornaments. Worn by young men in full dress. Ngyia = ear-..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower drinking vessel 'trran' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Trran Drinking-vessel for zao-kasang, made from fine bamboo and water-proofed with rubber-tree sap. These are obsolete or ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower wooden dishes notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hekwok-pi (2) Wooden dishes on legs; one Angami (the mended one), the other a Zemi copy. Keme-ke-kwok, "goat's head plate" Large ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Zhekhuingba of Laisong private collection Khangnam Laisong 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower wooden models of daos Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 artefacts collected by Ursula Graham Bower wooden models of daos notes Zhekhuingba of Laisong Khangnam Laisong..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection food taboos notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Tiger & leopard: old men only wild dog: old men only leopard-cat: old men only rats & mice: eaten by none bamboo rat: eaten by men only bats: sometimes toasted & eaten..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume cane leggings notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Article obsolete or of special interest Cane leggings were formerly worn but have been abandoned (hada = cane leggings; hada moi-ra = wearing cane leggings). A story is ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume collars of boars' tusks or sections of conch shell, 'mpe' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Mpe Collars of boars' tusks or of sections of conch-shell, called by the above name, used to be worn by the Zemi, but are now..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume armlets made of wild boars' tusks notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nkia-peo-gim-tha ("Wild boar's tusk armlet") Armlets made of two tushes joined to form a ring are worn, especially by Naga Hills and Manipur State ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume headdress of hornbill feathers denoting sexual conquests notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Tala-na This headdress of hornbills' feathers may be worn by men of standing and of ability, chiefly in love. A large tail-..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume baldric denoting sexual conquests notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Kalang pung-ra heloma-gu This is the highest token of success in love-affairs that a man can win. As a pre-requisite he must have done some or all of..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume kilt notes Maruong Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection The kilt was formerly assumed much later that it is nowadays (i.e. at the first Hgangi after the boy attains a suitable age) and a young man went naked until the ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection costume hornbill feathers notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hornbill tail-feathers: these cannot be worn by a virgin youth. If one should put on such a feather, even in fun, his hair would all fall out. Next R86330 R86330 ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Zingkaolang of Maguilong Khutuing of Maguilong private collection Magulong (Maguilong) Paisa (Peisia) 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 notes Next costume taboo regarding women's petticoats Graham Bower Ursula Previous 27 costume taboo regarding women's petticoats notes Zingkaolang of Maguilong Khutuing of ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection 'deo-moni' necklaces notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection When a man buys a new necklace he puts it round the neck of a "lao" (gourd) for a few minutes before putting it on for the first time. Next R86332 R86332 Previous R86330 ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection new house ritual notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Houses When a new house is completed and the family move in, a dog must be put up on the bed for a few seconds before anyone may sleep on it. Next R86333 R86333 Previous ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection spirits notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection House-spirits All house and the village water-supply have benevolent spirits attached to them. They are very rarely seen, and then only as a floating light. The water-spirit (ta-kwa-..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Khangnam dekachangs notes nzun-ze Zemi Khangnam Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nzun-ze: dekachangs used to, and should, have at least one nzun-ze, a massive sleeping-bench carved from a single gigantic log. Only 2 specimens are ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection divorce notes Zemi Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection General Divorce is allowed for incompatibility and desertion and adultery on the part of the wife; adultery by the husband is not a cause for divorce unless it amounts to ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection jhuming notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Cultivation (laws and customs relating to) Jhuming of virgin jungle: the owner of land on which anyone else cuts jhums in virgin jungle must give the cutter a pig as recompense for ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection gennas sickness genna - 'haraitsak' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Haraitsak (Haraichak) (genna against sickness) Used 1) When a man taken ill outside his village is brought in; 2) When a man has died outside the village ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hangrum gennas sickness genna - 'hera-na' notes Hangrum 1943-08-01:1943-08-01 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hera-na (Hangrum) (1.8.43) The tingkhupeo proclaims a "na" all the villagers being inside the perimeter, in the evening..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'hemeo-kezab-ra' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hemeo-kezab-ra If the ground in a field cracks through drought or other causes, this genna must be performed, and also if a log left lying in the jhums sinks ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'huzam-kia' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Huzam-kia Done for a slip in the jhums. Performed by tingkhupeo. A pig is offered to appease the hera who caused the slip and prevent it causing illness in the family..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'nei-ku-ra' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nei-ku-ra Performed if a dhan-stalk is found with 10 nodes or joints. Dhan must be carried in by an even number of men. Near village, the field-owner's family meet ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'ting-teo-go' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Ting-teo-go (Laisong & Hangrum, Asalu use this only to get sun to ripen the harvest. Hangrum did this in the wet spring of '43 with great success, so Laisong ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'kaleo-da-ge-na' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Another genna to stop rain: kaleo-da-ge-na It is performed by the tingkhupeo in the morning in front of the house of the representative of the village founder's ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection field gennas 'hazam kia-hera-teora' notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hazam kia-hera-teora Performed if a field house catches fire; intended to recall the rice "which has run away in fear of the fire". Performed in the field,..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Laisong gennas laxity over gennas notes Laisong 1946-01-24:1946-01-24 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Note: On 24.1.46 Laisong village performed the ceremony hapao-lia-na, making offerings similar to those at Heramui and calling ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection scented creeper worn as decoration notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Nam-nieng This scented creeper, whose leaves are worn as decoration by the young bucks because of its alleged attraction for the opposite sex, is often hung..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection gennas personal gennas concerning domestic animals notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Personal gennas If a goat gives birth or a sow farrows, 5 days genna is observed. The house is closed to strangers but not to fellow-..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection hunting rituals notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hunting When a deer has been killed the carcase may not be cut up (though the throat may be cut if the deer is not quite dead) until someone who knows the formula has cut off ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection dangers of being well-known or famous notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hamui (hamui-hera) The unusually well-known or famous or anyone liable to be talked about is apt to become weighed down or weakened by being mentioned by..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection luck stones notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hga ("luck stones") The right kind of stone makes a nest for itself of grass, leaves and so on, and sits in it; when a man comes on a stone like this, he knows it is the real ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection gennas village genna concerning tiger kill notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Tigers If a tiger has taken a mithan or other animal, the owner may ask the tingkhupeo to proclaim a genna. The owner of the animal sits fasting ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Magulong (Maguilong) Asalu stone monuments notes Magulong (Maguilong) Asalu 1941-11-15:1941-11-15 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Heramleo built by Maguilong men at Asalu Sketch-plan, measurements & photos taken 15.11.41. ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Hangrum Asalu death and funerals notes Hangrum Asalu Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Death, funerals and associated customs Hangrum village regularly observe a day's abstention from field work on the death of a blind person (1.8...
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Laisong funeral at Laisong notes Laisong 1942-10-15:1942-10-15 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Funeral seen at Laisong, 15.10.42, 5.30pm. The man died at dawn. Many of the villagers were in the fields, so arrangements were made ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Asalu death in childbirth; apotia death notes Asalu Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Death in childbirth or through miscarriage is most unfortunate, and those dying so are very liable to become poltergeists or to haunt their ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Impoi women's grave ornaments notes Impoi 1943-01-01:1943-01-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection They also put up near the grave (as for all men) a pole with carved edges and an affair at the top like nothing so much as Japanese ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection death during harvest genna notes 1942-10-19:1942-10-19 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection A death while the crops are ripe and the harvest is being gathered entails a day's na called 'neo-sit-na. No fieldwork is done, nor work in ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection dreams notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection To dream of eating sugar or anything similar means the dreamer will have a cold in the head. To dream of being bitten by a snake or leech means the dreamer will suffer some injury. To ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Khangnam stones at Khangnam notes Khangnam 1946-01-11:1946-01-11 Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection A newly-erected line of stones near Khangnam, seen about 11.1.46; had two stones with smaller stones in front of them; these ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection charms and medicines notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Kapeo. For sprains, strains and aches the leaves of this bush, which is grown near most villages, are soaked in hot water and applied not to the spot, as a fomentation (..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection omens notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection The croaking of a certain small frog in a house is a sign that the house will soon be empty and is particularly unlucky if anyone in the house be ill, as it presages death. Vultures ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection beliefs with regard to animals - barking deer; Kamaileng - myth notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection The barking deer's blood and bite are both said to be bad. To account for the latter the following is told: Kamaileng had a ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection plant lore notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection The wild fig-tree (v. story of Kangiena) is said to be the "priest of the trees". The old men say it is not safe to eat too many of its fruits or to eat them too often, because ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection proverbs and sayings notes Graham Bower Ursula 1937-01-01:1946-12-31 private collection Thak-ga-mina thakteone paigamina paikivubane. Rice-not-child rice-to-eat wishes cloth-not-child cloth-good- one-wear-wishes The poor man's child has an appetite, the ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Ukhrul Next burial at Ukhrul notes Tangkhul Ukhrul 1939-02-01:1939-02-31 Graham Bower Ursula 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Betts papers, folder 7 (1) Tangkhul Funeral Ukhrul, Feb: 1939. 1. Old man ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12

Mosem of Chingjaroi Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge Chingjaroi Next 1939-01-01:1946-12-31 notes myth concerning the founding of Chingjaroi Graham Bower Ursula Previous 29 myth concerning the founding of Chingjaroi notes Resu Rasu Kadiva Mosem of Chingjaroi Chingjaroi Graham Bower Ursula ..
Last modification on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:08:12