The Nagas

visit to Litami women's dress tours Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Although the village is almost completely christian most women wear dull red skirts with black band...
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visit to Litami visit to Sasatami tours Sema Litami Sasatami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Sasatami which is also Sema Baptist, the houses still retain their pre-christian em...
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visit to Lungkam tours Ao Lungkam Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Toiled up a tough hill and reached Lungkam, avid for a rest and tea. In the night 'The Ao Nagas'. Next Previous
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visit to Lungkam tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 2nd February. This morning heavy rain kept me in. But about 11 the sun came out and I made a tour of the village. Next Prev...
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visit to Lungkam khels and the risk of fire tours Chongli khel Mongsen khel Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The village consists of an upper and lower Khel. The upper is Chongli ...
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visit to Lungkam village gates tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Of the many things which perished in the last fire a luckless casualty was the village gate. This was in two ...
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visit to Lungkam morungs tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Other casualties in the fire were two morungs. These have been rebuilt only recently and they loom above the other ...
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visit to Lungkam warriors' dress and head-taking tours tsungrem Sangpu Ao Lungkam Pangsha Lungsa 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Warriors' dress is now awarded to all Aos of the village who...
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visit to Lungkam house carvings and feasts of merit tours Chamtiba/ of Lungkam Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Carvings on private houses are, as elsewhere, linked to feasts of m...
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visit to Lungkam houses tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Going round the village I was struck by the airy spaciousness of most of the houses. There is normally a single room...
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visit to Lungkam dangers of tattooing tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 One of the village women has no legs below her knees. While she was being tattooed, the places went se...
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head-takers' aprons and cloths tours Ao Mongsenyimti Lungkam 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 6th February On the way to Mongsenyimti I noticed a number of Ao all wearing the aprons...
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pipe smoking tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (57) A feature of all the Aos this side is pipe smoking. Almost every one has a pipe - old women, young girls, ad...
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school carvings tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 7th February A day in the village. Photographed the carvings on the school house. Next Previous
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Y posts tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Many houses have Y posts in front of them, one for every mithan sacrificed. When you have given three such sacrifices ...
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morungs and morung carvings tours Chongli khel Yimbangrocho clan Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 There are at present two morungs, both of them with fully carved pi...
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abandoned log drum due to christianity tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (59) Further up the village and poised on a hill is a second log drum. The Khel is now ...
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cemetery tours Kikanuksini Ao Mongsenyimti Yungpung 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Between the christian Khels and the rest of the village is a long cemetery. The former custom of...
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house carving tours Lima/ of Mongsenyimti Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Some distance to the south of the cemetery is the house of Lima, the dobashi. This was bui...
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head tree tours Mileva/ of Mongsenyimti Ao Mongsenyimti Sangpo 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At the present time the head-tree is a small and thorny tree set among the village ho...
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log drum rules and rituals tours moatzu Lima Pungmenu clan Chaneri clan Songkong morung Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 During the evening I discussed with Lima the...
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significance of heads 'captured' by Christoph von Furer- Haimendorf tours Furer-Haimendorf Lima Ao Mongsenyimti Pangsha 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Lima tells me that the four ...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang tours Ao 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 8th February Today I walked to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang and then back to Mongsenyimti. Next Previous
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang log drum and gate at Ungr tours Ao Ungri (Ungr) 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Ungr, an old village gate is standing by the log drum. On one side four l...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang Phom carving tours Ao Phom Mongnyu 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In a gaonbura's house I came across my first examples of Phom carving. The gaonbura had g...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang decline of morung at Ungr due to christianity tours Ao Ungri (Ungr) 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At the end of the village is a new morung and by the sid...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang log drums at Chuchu Yimlang tours Lima Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Chuchu Yimlang there are two morungs and both are adjacent to lo...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang Y posts and house carving at Chuchu Yimlang tours Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In the village I noticed two magnificent Y posts in fron...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang morung and morung carvings at Chuchu Yimlang tours moatzu Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The other morung is in a vastly better condition...
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tours Mokokchung 9.2.1947-10.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 9th-10th February. Back on the 9th to Mokokchung - 10th getting ready for going to Kohima. Noticed in 'The Statesman' that Codring...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba tours Ao 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 11th February Set out with the sky full of clouds but not the great roaring wind which buffeted the trees all t...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba khel gates at Khensa tours Lungma genna Pukulalung genna Lyabamung genna Yimkalun genna Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Khensa found that e...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba feasts of merit and house carving at Khensa tours Chongli khel Mongsen khel Tamjenchosang/ of Khensa Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Ao Nagas...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba morungs at Khensa tours Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Although the morungs are very far from derelict, none of them has carvings, and none i...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba graves at Chungtia tours Ao Chungtia 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Chungtia there is a long line of graves beside the village path. The graves of w...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba gate at Chungtia tours Ao Chungtia 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Like Khensa, Chungtia has a huge gate hewn from a single tree. There are no carvings ...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba morung at Aliba tours Ao Aliba 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (68) In Aliba the morung is very neat and smart though it was no longer used for sleeping...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba log drums tours Ao Khensa Chungtia Aliba 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba all have magnificent log-drums and I have written a ...
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tours Cholimsen (Chongliyimsen) 12.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 February 12 To Chongliyimsen Next Previous
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problem with elephants tours Lakhuni Charali 13.2.1947-14.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 February 13 To Lakhuni February 14 To Charali. At Lakhuni the gaonbura complained of wild elephants. ...
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house carving notes Lima Mongsenyimti Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:1 Mills, Ao Nagas, 218 Mongsenyimti. Lima has a carved panel on his house with a tortoise in the middle. (In the village there is a sacr...
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house carving notes warrior Bazu Angami Pfutsero Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:2 E. Angami, Pfutsero. In the house of Bazu - gaonbura has 10 heads carved on a panel + carved mithan heads + 4 carved deers'...
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house carving notes head-taking ancestors japs tallies Angami <Eastern Chizami (Chizema) Pfutsero Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:3 E. Angami, Chizema, Pfutsero. Wooden heads on house front - usually only w...
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house carvings notes slaves seduction Angami <Eastern Khuzami Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:4 E. Angami, Khuzami. A house with mithan heads, human heads, breasts and 2 little figures - carved on the front...
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house horns and house carving notes feast of merit Angami <Eastern Kekrima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:5 E. Angami, house horns. The sky at Kekrima is fretted with horns rearing their black and sinister...
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field rest house carvings at Thenizumi notes Angami <Eastern Thenizumi Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:6 E. Angami. The field rest house of Thenizumi is in a somewhat gloomy setting but has a new type of ca...
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house carving notes Ao Lakhuni Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:7 Ao, Lakhuni. A rich man's house - cross-board with carvings of hornbills- mithan (fully) snake a centre board with leopard, a little bird and...
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house carvings notes feast of merit Nehoizu Sema Sakhalu Yehimi Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:8 Sema. Hutton, Sema Nagas, 48 & 227-8 Sakhalu. Chief's house - rows of breasts - 6 in a line - many mithan he...
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reasons for carving house horns notes zhatho genna Chulevo Angami Angami Khonoma Jotsoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:10 Khonoma - reason for no carvings and house horns. It is due entirely to the over-h...
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house carving and painting notes Angami Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:11 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 53 Angami. Draw with charcoal and yellow stone. Those who actually carve are genna that day - they mus...
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reproductions in pith notes Sekrengi festival Khonoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:12 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 205 At Khonoma these were installed in the gaonbura's house of the [blank] khel. The ornament e...
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mithan carvings notes zhatho genna thesa genna Yakhele Angami Zakamvu (Zkamoh) Angami Angami Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:13 Angami. Mithan carvings. (gennas) Kohima - very scarce. One house had m...
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house carving depicting mithan notes zhatho genna Thepfuseu Khulazu/ of Pasami Angami Cheswezumi (Cheswejumi) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:14 E. Angami, Cheswejumi. Mithan variations. SKETCH. house - gre...
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house horns notes Rudai Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:15 House 'horns' are described as 'mithan horns' and the holes as 'eyes'. The latter are designed to give the wind passage as otherwise the horns woul...
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field rest house and earth cones notes tsungi genna Semoma clan Zhakhama (Jakhama) Khonoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:16 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 46 Field rest houses Hutton notes 'the permanent roads fro...
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Y posts notes Sangpo khel Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:17 putting the human heads on a Y post is a privilege of the Sangpo Khel to mark their superiority. (2 heads for every mithan ever sacrificed - but ...
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Y posts notes Longsa Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:18 Y posts at Longsa. SKETCH Next Previous
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sentry house carvings notes Lungti khel Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:19 Sentry house with post carved with 2 breasts, 2 heads, 4 hornbills and 2 tigers. Mithan heads - leaves tied to them on 1st day of t...
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mithan posts notes Noksuraba Ao Ao Longsa Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:20 Longsa - Noksuraba Ao. 5 posts 3 with carved human heads 1. 5 heads 2. 6 heads 3. 2 heads. for cutting 1 mithan first time 2 head...
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house carving notes Konyak Namsang Tamlu Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:21 Konyak - house carvings. Namsang Tamlu If a Konyak gives a mithan feast, he can put up posts with carved mithan heads - one head f...
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funeral rites notes Chang Yongyimti Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:1 Chang (practise as described but not followed Yongyimti - here it is like Aos, a graveyard outside the village) When a man dies, he is bu...
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grave effigies notes head-taking tallies Meheni Angami Evige Angami Angami <Eastern Losami Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:2 E. Angami, Losami. A tradition of putting up grave effigies to great warriors ie. ...
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grave effigies notes head-taking Kekrima Pfutsero Losami Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:3 Kekrima - no tradition of grave effigies. Pfutsero &amp; Losami - traditions and practice of putting up the figures ...
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carved stone grave effigies notes warrior seduction Nihui Angami Hitsezu Murozu Angami Angami <Eastern Chizami (Chizema) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:4 E. Angami. Chizema. Carved stone figures for a great...
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grave effigies notes stone-dragging christianity Angami <Eastern Phele Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:5 E. Angami. Phele. The former custom ie. up to 20 years ago - any rich man would erect a grave effigy f...
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grave effigies notes japs seduction head-taking feast of merit Choie Angami Shenzo Angami Vetzore Angami Sahi Angami Angami <Eastern Ketsaovoma (Ketsapomi) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:6 E. Angami. Ketsap...
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grave effigies notes head-taking Angami <Eastern Pfutsero Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:7 E. Angami. Pfutsero. No warrior's effigies because it is 70 years since head-taking was stopped. Of recent years no...
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grave post notes feast of merit Kekrima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:8 Wooden figures. At Kekrima, a serrated post on a rich man's grave - a token of feast of merit - (photographed Next Previous
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stone grave effigies notes head-takers Kekrima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:9 Stone figures. Kekrima. A tradition that famous head- takers were entitled to 2 stone figures - a vertical block with a roughl...
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skull urns or cists notes bihu Wanching Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:10. Wanching. A new urn in a morung. When the head is taken from the corpse, it is put in the urn and taken out to the forest, away fro...
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grave effigies notes Konyak Chinglong (Chinlong) Chingtang (Chintang) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:11 Konyak. Chintong (Chinlong?). Grave effigies - only for unmarried boys or unmarried girls. If a boy, t...
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death rituals notes bihu Namsang Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:12 Death. Namsang. 9-15 days after death the head is taken from the corpse. A little bamboo table is made and draped with a cloth. The skull i...
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death rituals notes bihu cist Konyak Chingtang (Chintang) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:13 Konyak. Chintang. In hot weather 9 days, in cold 15-16. Skull is taken off - brought to the house - cleaned - put ...
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grave effigies notes cist bihu Konyak Chingphoi Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:14 Konyak. Chingphoi. All boys who have entered a morung and all men get effigies - a pair for each man. (Girls and women do no...
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grave effigies notes bihu cist Wanching Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:15 Wanching. Grave effigies made in pairs for all male morung members. On the Wakching pattern but not for any girl or woman 'so that h...
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grave effigies and the fate of the soul notes Aokeang morung Tepong morung Palang morung Pala morung Wakching Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:16 Haimendorf, Naked Nagas, 68 Wakching. Grave effigies. Aokeang ...
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grave effigies and the fate of the soul notes Totok Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:17 Totok. The Ang of Totok - in pairs - only for big men - 'After death the soul goes to the land of the dead. This land is...
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gate at Kongan village notes bihu Konyak Kongan Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:18 Konyak. Kongon. gate - a lych gate with a gate - 2 doors which join in the centre - incised with a sun - 2 triangular men SK...
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funeral rituals and memorials to the dead notes Konyak Kongan (Kongon) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:19 Konyak. Kongon. grave effigies. No effigies - the dead exposed in platforms in open coffins roofed wi...
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grave effigies notes Mon Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:20 Mon. gaonbura of Mon. Figures in pairs in little shed - only big men get it - cloths - never women - no Konyak custom of putting up effigies for wo...
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grave effigies notes Hungphoi (Hongfoi) Lunglam (Longlam) Oting Longkhai Wakching Kongan (Kongon) Punkhung Tanhai Wangla Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:21 Grave Effigies: Hongfoi, Longlam, Oting, Longkhai, ...
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grave effigies notes Sewang/ gaonbura of Choaha Choha (Chaoha) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:22 Chaoha, (tribal area) - gaonbura = Sewang. Grave effigies are set up in pairs only for big men - never for wo...
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head-taker's model man notes genna Khonoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:23 Re the headtaker's model man, Khonoma all refused to carve and sell one saying it would weaken the Khel in war 'to sell a man' - ...
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grave effigies notes Ang morung/ Oting Konyak Oting Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:24 Konyak. Oting. Grave effigies. Males only. On [] March, I saw a grave effigy in actual process of being carved. A little...
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grave effigies and gennas notes Konyak Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:25 Hutton, Diaries, 28 Konyaks a different attitude re gennas - dress also is not a guide to status - a great variability. Grave effigie...
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carved human figures notes genna Shankok Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:26 Shankok said - genna to carve a human figure except for a morung or for a dead man - 'it is risking someone's life' - ' to carve a ...
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wood carving notes Nagpun Mauwang Stonor/ Charles Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:27 Everyone recognised Nagpun and were very amused at the photos of girls doing their hair. Mauwang has no dignity but great ...
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grave effigy notes Konyak Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:28. Re grave figures - the Konyaks conscious object is complete fidelity to life - a Madame Tussaud's figure is the ideal - To resemble in the most p...
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carving of grave effigies notes funeral tattoo Konyak Longkhai Wakching Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:29. Konyak. Longkhai. Grave figures. When a man (or boy of morung membership) dies, the house owner cal...
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grave effigies notes Mauwang Konyak Wakching Longkhai Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:30 Konyak. Grave figures. Only for men - not for women. The morung members carve it - observe no genna. At Wakching - out...
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death notes sacrifice Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:31 The house of the dead. In Kohima if a family has a run of deaths a pig is sacrificed and the family grave is cleaned and tended ie the dead are...
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grave effigies and head-taking notes slaves Konsika Yienyu Krusihu Nurhemo Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:32 Kohima. Grave effigies. The former custom was to erect one on the grave of every head-take...
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grave effigies notes head-hunters Angami <Eastern Angami <Northern Chezumi (Chezubama) Nerhema Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 9:33 Eastern Angami. Grave figures. Now very scarce - since put up only on the gra...
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gate at Merema notes Horotsuma khel Chakuma khel Seyatsuma khel Merema Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:1 Merema. A gate jointly possessed and made by 3 Khels (Horotsuma, Chakuma and Seyatsuma) SKETCH - brea...
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gate at Merema notes Kesinoma khel Reditsuma khel Merema Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:2 Merema. A gate jointly possessed by the Kesinoma and Reditsuma clans. SKETCH new - mithans inside the horns - the w...
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gate at Mezoma village, Nisonuma khel notes Nisonuma khel Mezema (Mezoma) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:3 Mezoma. Gates to a single village pattern - the warrior's feathers are poised on top of the main m...
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gate at Mezoma village, Vihotsuma khel notes Vihotsuma khel Mezema (Mezoma) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:4 Mezoma. Vihotsuma Khel - gate in good condition - made 18 years ago - same model as others. Anot...
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gate at Mezoma, Pfepetsuma clan notes Pfepetsuma clan Mezema (Mezoma) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:5 Mezoma. Gate Pfepetsuma clan. Very good - same pattern - deep shade - facing north - reddish pink. Ano...
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gates at Kigwema village notes Kavema khel Merelitsuma khel Ihulievi Angami Vitsoso Angami Kigwema Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:6 Kigwema. In Kigwema, each gate is to a different pattern (in contrast to ...
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gate at Kigwema, Makuma khel notes Makuma khel Kigwema Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 12:7 Kigwema. 19-2-41. Makuma Khel. SKETCH Set up with a protecting canopy of tin - is now much more like a shrine than a ...
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