The Nagas

Second Tour to Hakchang; difficulties with coolies; Hakchang men's hairstyle; painted frontal posts in rich men's houses; women allowed to wear men's head-taker's tattoo if they boil a head; pottery; ...
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Second Tour thorn creepers uses as a barrier in wartime at Hakchang; buffalo-horn pattern graves at Maksha; Hakchang forced to carry to Tobu; coolies paid in red wool; camp built on site where at Hakc...
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Second Tour difficulty at Tobu with coolies until a pig shot; to Chingmei; error in mapping articles tours Chingmei Tobu Ungpang Waoshu (Waoshu) 14.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11.1923 14th. - Tobu ap...
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Second Tour Pawsey and the surveyor go to map the source of the Zungki river; a Khamti dao; Chingmei houses; fibre cloth; improper to ask for marriage price among Kalyo Kengyu; burial customs; rainbow...
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Second Tour to Chentang; two heads taken from Sangpurr; Sangpurr send message that they won't clear the paths; bark shields articles tours Chentang Sangpurr 16.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11.1923 16t...
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Second Tour to Yakko and Sangpurr with troops; unfriendly villages; daos confiscated from young men of Tuensang and Chingmirem who followed; heads in Sangpurr; log-drums; wooden shingle roofs; morungs...
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Second Tour missing gaonbura reappears; to Kuthurr; granary protection against rats; women's hair-style articles tours Yimtsungrr Kuthurr Sotokurr (Shotokurr) 18.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11.1923 1...
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Second Tour pressure on Kuthurr to produce coolies; Chingmirem fined for not producing coolies; to Shotokurr; to Yimtsung-Awenrr; small menhirs; alders articles tours Pawsey Dundas Kuthurr Chingmiren ...
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Second Tour trouble with coolies from Shotokurr; coolies try to bolt at Shipungrr; to Kitsu; rice growing articles tours Kyutsu-Kilong (Kitsu) Shipungre (Shipungrr) 20.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11....
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Second Tour to Shothumi; head-taking dispute between Cheshorr and Phesami; Hutton permits limited war between Cheshorr and four Ghovishe brothers; lycanthropy articles tours Woziya Khuvetha Zukishe/ o...
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Second Tour gift of pigs at Honronre; man injured by dao blade; refusal to accept 'salaam' from chief of Sirichu because of murder of a British subject by his son articles tours Hovokhu/ of Phesami Sa...
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Second Tour Sirire chief ransomed for five pigs for not supplying coolies; to Kishethu; head-tree; decayed morung - carved post articles tours Dundas Kishethu Sirire Sampurre (Thachumi) 23.11.1923 Hut...
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Second Tour to Yazuthu; refusal to take mithan from Lakomi headman - demand son instead; Nitoi and Shietz land dispute; Cheshorr peace agreed; Kosanasami and Lhoshyepu land dispute; Yangpire and Mongr...
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Second Tour to Kosanasami then Kukishe; furniture in house of hew chief, Nivi; his father's grave and other graves; hand arrow for boys; woman wearing conch shell in Angami fashion articles tours Nikh...
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Second Tour Mongre - Yangpire and Lhoshyepu - Kosanasami land disputes - allowed to fight each other; Kiyakhu - Ghukhwi land case settled; Kiyakhu - Zhekiya land dispute not investigated articles tour...
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Second Tour dak carrier, Delahing, found suffering from a fit articles tours Hunitso Delahing Kilomi Sathazumi (Satazuma) 27.11.1923-28.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11.1923 27th. To Kilomi. 28th. Doub...
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Second Tour to Sakhabama, then Kohima; Delahing's death blamed on a godling articles tours 29.11.1923-30.11.1923 Hutton/ J.H. 10.1923-11.1923 29th. Double marched to Sakhabama, 20 miles where I learne...
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Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population. Naga Hills reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 The population of the Naga Hills has increased b 20,043 or by 12.6 per cent. The figure, however, includes ...
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Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population. Naga Hills J.P. Mills' analysis of the census reports Mills/ J.P. Mullan/ C.S. 1931 Nevertheless, Mr J.P. Mills, I.C.S., the Deputy Commissioner...
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Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population. Naga Hills reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 1. Density, water-supply and crops] Naga Hills Mean density per square mile i...
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Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population. Naga Hills reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 3. Variation in relation to density since 1881] Naga Hills Percentage of var...
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Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population. Naga Hills reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 5. Persons per house and houses per square mile] Naga Hills Average number o...
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Chapter II. The Population of Towns and Villages reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary Table 1.] Distribution of the population between towns and villages Naga Hills Average population pe...
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Chapter II. The Population of Towns and Villages reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 2.] Number per mille of the total population and of each main religion who live in towns Naga H...
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Chapter IV. Age. reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary table 5.] Proportion of children under 10 and of persons 60 and over to those aged 15-40; also of married females aged 15-40 per 100 f...
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Chapter V. Sex reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary table 1.] General proportions of the sexes by natural divisions and districts. Number of females to 1,000 males (actual population) Nag...
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Chapter VII. Infirmities insanity reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 85. The number of persons recorded as insane had increased by 1,327 since 1921....In the hills, however, although the proportion of insane p...
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Chapter VII. Infirmities Deaf-mutism reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 In 1921, 1911 and 1901 the Naga Hills was far the worst district for deaf-mutism, yet the figures for 1931 show this infirmity is not muc...
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Chapter VII. Infirmities Blindness reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 The hill districts - as at all previous censuses - have the highest proportion of blind. The Naga Hills and Manipur show an improvement sin...
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Chapter VII. Infirmities Leprosy reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 94. It is distressing to note how few ... lepers are receiving proper care and treatment. There are only two small leper asylums in British t...
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Chapter VII. Infirmities reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 1.] Number per 100,000 of the population at each of the last five censuses: Naga Hills ______________________Male______...
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Chapter VIII. Occupation reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary Table 2a.] Distribution by sub-classes in natural divisions and districts. (a) Earners (principal occupation) and working depe...
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Chapter VIII. Occupation reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary table 2b.] Distribution by sub-classes in natural divisions and districts. (b) Earners (subsiduary occupation) Number per mill...
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Chapter IX. Literacy reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary table 2.] Literacy by age, sex and locality. Naga Hills Number per mille who are literate ____________________________Total___Mal...
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Chapter IX. Literacy reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Table 3.] Literacy by religion, sex and locality. Aged 5 and over. Number per mille who are literate ____________Males_____Females_________ ...
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Chapter X. Language reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 Mr J.P. Mills, I.C.S., Deputy Commissioner of the Naga Hills, tells me that Kachha Naga (though a term which is in common use) is a meaningless expression...
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Chapter X. Language Tibeto-Chinese family. The Naga group. reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 138. ....The Naga group is one of the most interesting groups o the Assam-Burmese branch. The number of speakers of...
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Chapter X. Language reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary Table 1.] Distribution of total population by language _Language____________Total_number_____Number_per_mille___Where_chiefly _____...
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Chapter X. Language reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary table 2.] (a) Number per 10,000 of the total population who speak: Naga Hills Assamese as mother tongue: total - 46 as mother tong...
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Chapter X. Language reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsiduary table 3.] Comparison of tribe and language tables Tribe_and_language____Strength_of_tribe__Number_speaking_tribal_language ________...
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Chapter XI. Religion reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary table 2.] Distribution by district of the main religions. Naga_Hills__1931__1921__1911__1901__1891 Hindu_______361___390___282___3...
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Chapter XI. Religion reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 [Summary of Subsidiary table 3.] Christians - number and variations Naga Hills Actual number of Christians in ___1931___1921___1911___1901___1891 _22,908...
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Chapter 12. Caste, tribe, race and nationality increase and decrease in certain castes and tribes reports Mullan/ C.S. 1931 156. ...The Lhotas who numbered over 22,000 in 1891 have gradually decreased...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S contact with civilization reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 The conditions obtai...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S exploitation of natural resources; Government's view on jhum land reports Mullan/ C....
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S wage-labour in the plains reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 There is no systemat...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S communications spread disease reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Improved communi...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S rice beer; distilled liquor reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 The national drink...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S opium reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Opium is only consumed in certain areas....
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S prostitution reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 The opening up of the cart road t...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S trade reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 While the extension of communications ha...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S Khonoma substituted trade for raiding reports Khonoma Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 ...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S prostitution reports Kohima Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 I have mentioned above the...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S dangers of education reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Education of the type whi...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S foreign dress reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Foreign dress is spreading slowl...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S use of corrugated iron reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Nagas who have taken wh...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S sacrifice of mithun, and head hunting reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Only two...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S effect on culture by missionaries reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Realising th...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S missionary suppression of alchohol reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 To any one ...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S ceremonial dress, singing and dancing, suppressed by missionaries reports Mullan/ C....
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S effect of missions on wood-carving, xylophones and morungs reports Mullan/ C.S. Mill...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S effect on the Nagas of missionary suppressions reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931...
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Appendix A. The effect on the tribes of the Naga Hills district of Contacts with civilization, by J.P. Mills, I.C.S reflections on the future for the Nagas reports Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 Times ...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas reports Rengma <Western Khezha-Kenoma (Kheza-Kenoma) Therugu Mt. Insinyu (Kitagha) Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 1. The tribe is divided into a southern and a...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas megaliths reports Gwalu/ of Phesinyu Rengma <Western Silizuma (Phesinyu) 1929 Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 6. There is a certain amount of terraced cultivati...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas stone seats; houses; Feasts of Merit; house horns reports Rengma <Western Tesophenyu Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 8. Circular, or, more usually, semicircular...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas religion; myths about planets, storms and eclipses reports Rengma <Western Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 11. It is very vaguely believed that the sun is male ...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas burial of the dead reports Rengma <Western Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 12. The dead are buried in the village. Sometimes a man will ask to be buried outside...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas souls of the dead reports Rengma <Western Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 13. The soul of the dead man remains in the village till the Ngada ceremony which mark...
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Appendix B. (1). The Western Rengma Nagas appearance; agriculture; muscical instruments; weapons; heads reports Rengma <Western Mullan/ C.S. Mills/ J.P. 1931 14. The complexion is sallow. The hair is ...
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author sets off to catch boat diaries 25.9.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (1) Saturday, 25th Sept. 1937 Breakfasted 8.30, &amp; finished packing. Mother &amp; Graham came round about 10....
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first day at sea diaries 26.9.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (3) Sunday, 26th Sept. Extra hour in bed owing to clocks being put forward. Slight sea; hardly any movement. A very long, dul...
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drive to Yanganpokpi village diaries Taylor/ Col. Shumshu Fergus Marguerite Ranald Alexa Yaingangpokpi (Yanganpokpi) 10.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (4) Nov. 10th Got up at 6, finis...
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march to Songphel village diaries Shongphel (Songphel) 11.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 11th Packed up by 7.30, left by 8.10. A mile of more on the road. Then by bridle track, t...
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meeting with Tuinem headmen; a dance at Tuinem diaries Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs. Pongse Khunthak (Kungthak) Tuinem 12.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 12th Left Songphel about same...
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Nagas treated for illness; hard march to Ukhrul village diaries Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs. Duncan/ Mrs. Pongse Ukhrul 13.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 13th Left Tuinem about 8.30...
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photography around Ukhrul village diaries Duncan/ Mr. Duncan/ Mrs. Taylor/ Col. Ukhrul 14.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 14th Latish breakfast. Still very stiff. About 10.30 went...
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meeting with headman Michivam; photography in Ukhrul diaries Michivam/ of Ukhrul Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs Pongse Ukhrul 15.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 15th Up by 7.30, feeling...
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near-accident on march to Lumbui diaries vaccination Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs. Duncan/ Mrs. Michivam Lumbui 16.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 16th. Woke up 5.30, bath 6., breakfa...
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fishing after march to Thoubal diaries Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs. Shumshu Thoubal 17.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 17th Marched 8 o'clock. No headman to see us off. Lumbui blase ...
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fishing at Thoubal village diaries Taylor/ Col. Taylor/ Mrs. Horace Alexa Pongse Thoubal Yaingangpokpi (Yangaingpokpi) 18.11.1937-19.11.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 18th. Up about...
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Imphal to Kangupkhul diaries Horace Alexa Shumshu Jeffery Kangchup Khul (Kangupkhul) 1.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (33) Dec. 1st (1937) Woke at 6, up 6.30 &amp; packed japha. Lex l...
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Kangupkhul to Howchong bungalow diaries Haochong (Howchong) 2.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 2nd. Marched about 9 o'clock from Kangupkhul. Still heavy rain, track appallingly sli...
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Howchong to Lukumbi bungalow diaries Lukhambi (Lukumbi) 3.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 3rd. Heavy rain all night, in spite of hopeful gleam in sky yesterday afternoon. Marched ...
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Lukumbi to Liwapokpi; fishing diaries Liwapokpi 4.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 4th. Saturday. Short march from Lukumbi. 5 miles. Lexie's toe very sore. Coolies helped us down s...
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Liwapokpi to Tamenglong diaries Shaw/ Reggie Tamenglong 5.12.1937-6.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 5th. Sunday Marched 9.30, after taking one or two pictures. Heard 6 or 7 differ...
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Tamenglong to the Barak river diaries Shumshu Barak R. Tamenglong 7.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 7th. Tuesday Coolies came early. We marched about 9.30, Stayed some time. Rathe...
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fishing in the Barak river diaries Barak R. 8.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 8th. Wednesday Halted. Jeff went fishing early. Followed him upstream by path over bamboo bridges, bu...
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rafting on the Barak river diaries Humja Barak R. 9.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 9th Thursday Packed up by 8.30 or so, but breakfasted late (Jeff looking at bridge &amp; esp. f...
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Saramba camp to Joute diaries Shumshu Saramba Joute 10.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 10th Saramba Camp to Joute. Next march reputed to be 3 miles, one beyond 6, so Jeff told coo...
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Joute to Paparam diaries Humja Umaid Pabram (Paparam) 11.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 11th. Joute to Paparam or Thingkoipli. Started off again, this time with camera &amp; view...
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Paparam to Morai Lok diaries Humja Umaid Shumshu Barak R. Marui Thok R. (Morai Lok) 12.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 12th Paparam to Morai Lok (Mukhnai Muk). Left about 10, Mean...
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camp at Morai Lok diaries Marui Thok R. (Morai Lok) 13.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 13th. Went back up Naga path to Falls, with Umaid &amp; tiffin-coolie - Humja building new r...
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Morai Lok to Shempong diaries Marui Thok R. (Morai Lok) Shempong 14.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (63) Dec. 14th Off early. New rafts ready, and crossed stream in H.M.S. Barak II. Ar...
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bakhsheesh diaries 15.12.1937 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Dec. 15th. Housemaid asked Jeff for extra bakhsheesh. Unpopular move, and first in the trip to do so, except the Christian choir a...
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diaries Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (Odd scraps, possibly from this notebook, one with score &amp; words of Naga song etc.) Next Previous
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Silchar to Jhirighat diaries Shamshu Kharram Din Celia Jeffery 14.11.1938 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection Nov. 14th 1938 Jhirighat 10 miles Left Silchar by lorry 11.20a.m. Arrived Lakhipur 12....
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coolies arrive diaries 15.11.1938 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (2) Nov. 15th Jhirighat Halted at Jhirighat. Jeff out inspecting in morning; we wrote home letters and hoped for coolies. If c...
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Jhirighat to Makru Bridge; description of collies; treating ailments diaries 'Marigold' Makru Bridge 16.11.1938 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection (4) Nov. 16th Makru Bridge. 14.5 Breakfast 6.30,...
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note refering to coolies described on 16th November 1938 diaries Shaw/ Reggie Gimson Katcha Pabram (Paparam) 7.1.1939 Graham Bower/ Ursula private collection [note: Jan. 7th 1939 Coolies proved to be ...
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