The Nagas

rifle practice, games and dance at Mozemah tours Mozemah 6.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 6th December, 1872. Made another halt at Mozumah the chief...
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back to Samaguting tours Vicole/ of Piphumah Piphumah Samaguting 7.12.1872-8.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 7th December, 1872. March into Piphumah ...
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inspecting work tours Diphupani 9.12.1872-11.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 9th December. Rode down to the Diphupani and about 3 miles beyond it to ...
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to Dimapur tours Dimapur 12.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 12th December. Marched to Dimapur. The repairs to the road are well forward but the cooli...
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to Borpathar via Horiojan inspecting roads tours James/ Mr Horiojan Barpathar (Borpathar) 13.12.1872-14.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 13th December...
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news that survey party have arrived at Golaghat tours James/ Mr Austin/ Major Golaghat 15.12.1872-16.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 15th December. R...
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road inspection; meeting with Major Austin; back to Samugating tours Austin/ Major Samaguting 17.12.1872-23.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 17th Dece...
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discussion with Major Austin about the Manipur - Naga Hills border survey; to Tehamah; tea trees and reluctance of Nagas to gather seeds in case rice crop affected tours Godwin Austin/ Major Ogle Popl...
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to Paplongmai to await Manipur Political Agent tours Tehamah Barail Range (Burrail Range) Dzulu R. (Zullo R.) Zupoo R. Pulomi (Paplongmai) 28.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spell...
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erecting survey mark on Terhepu mountain; arrival of Political Agent of Manipur, Col. Mowbray Thomson; Rajah of Manipur hopes for modification to boundary tours Thomson/ Col. Mowbray Roma Sing/ Major ...
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icy weather tours Zallo R. Pulomi (Paplongmai) 31.12.1872 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 31st December. Moved camp today to a spot close to the sources of t...
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frost; to Khonomah where nature of the boundary explained to chiefs; ammunition for sale in Khonomah; Manipur Political Agent promises to investigate tours Samensah clan/ Khonomah Merhamah clan/ Khono...
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muskets stolen in Samaguting are sold to Samemah clan of Khonomah; order to bring them back to Samaguting; Butler forced to halt near Jotsomah because of sprained ankle tours Vazile/ of Khonomah Dhopu...
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Butler carried to Kohimah; meet up with Godwin Austin and Ogle tours Austin/ Major Ogle Kohima (Kohimah) Japvo Mt. (Japoo Mt.) Nidzukhru 3.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling ...
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Butler follows Major Austin to Kigwemah in a dhooli; Austin putting up trig. station on Japoo mountain tours Austin/ Major Kigwemah Japvo Mt. (Japoo Mt.) 4.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 ina...
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to Phunama; comments on Dalton's 'Ethnology of Bengal' - errors in pictures tours Thomson/ Col. Dalton/ Col. Aja/ of Phusamah Brown Sopromah Mao Dzulu R. (Zullo R.) Phunama Jakamah Viswemah Khuzamah 5...
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erecting mark on Tellizo summit tours Aja/ of Phusamah Muna Ram/ Insp. Mao Solepe Mt. (Tellizo Mt.) Khuzamah 6.1.1873-7.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original tex...
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to Kidimah; news of quarrels between Kigwemah clans likely to develop into a fight tours Phoisaloo/ Const. Austin/ Major Kidima (Kidimah) Kigwemah Japvo Mt. (Japoo Mt.) 8.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.187...
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Manipuris refuse to set up boundary makers as the Rajah would not recognise them; attempts to set boundary between Kidimah and Sopoomah tours Thomson/ Col. Roma Sing/ Major Sidzu R. (Sijjo R.) Dzulu R...
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request from Kezakenomah to be under Assam jurisdiction; boundary marking tours Thomson/ Col. Kezakenomah Sidzu R. (Sijjo R.) Solepe Mt. (Tellizo Mt.) Sokhurri R. Merori R. Oukrophoku Mt. (Napu Mt.) 1...
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boundary marking; temporary cairns due to lack of help from the Manipur Rajah; rumour that Manipuris have said they will knock down markers when Butler returns to Samaguting tours Thomson/ Col. Austin...
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halt at Kidimah; report of a murder by Khesomah; Sakhabomah ask for protection which is refused; lack of policy by Government to stop feuding tours Vihutzamah clan/ Mozamah Kidima (Kidimah) Sakhabomah...
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climb to trig. station set up by Major Austin on Napu; Sopoomah beg to become British subjects by told if they have complaints about the Rajah to make them to the British Political Agent in Manipur to...
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Austin continues surveying despite lack of help from Manipuris tours Austin Sopromah Viswemah Phunumah 14.1.1873-15.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 14...
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Manipuri report of scarcity of rice found to be a lie; decision to go to see Rajah of Manipur; news of murder of Kuki scout - musket stolen; regret at not having hanged previous murderers of Kuki scou...
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Manipuris refuse to supply coolies to put up boundary marks; Major Roma Sing says he has orders to knock down markers, but agrees not to under duress tours Austin Thomson/ Col. Roma Sing/ Major Aitchi...
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Austin delayed by accidental fire which nearly destroyed the trig. station; feuding in Kigwemah tours Austin Khevemah clan/ Kigwemah Kiphomah clan/ Kigwemah Nitsokhre/ of Kigwemah Lhutsonin/ of Kigwem...
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Thomson's coolies ordered to bolt once they reach Kezakenomah; letter from the Rajah withdrawing assistance tours Austin Thomson/ Col. Aishon Sing Mohun Sing Laitambah Kezakenomah Tehrenumah 19.1.1873...
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to Kezakenomah; Thomson's coolies receive orders not to go further east; confirmation of the murder of a Kuki scout for his musket tours Thomson/ Col. James Kezakenomah Hebupoonomah Keruphemah 20.1.18...
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to top of Tellizo taking observations; news of Manipuri force threatening to attack Gaziphemah tours Nirhoo/ of Nizamah Solepe Mt. (Tellizo Mt.) Gazifhema (Gaziphemah) Nizami (Nizamah) Laniye R. (Lani...
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to Sikhami to complete survey work; corroboration from Kuki coolies that the Rajah intended to despatch a force towards the north-east; Thomson orders Major Roma Sing to rejoin party tours Austin Roma...
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Major Roma Sing sends message that he can't join them because of a cold tours Thomson/ Col. Ogle Sikhume (Sikhami) 23.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text ...
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news that Gaziphemah has been smashed up and the Manipuri force is now threatening Rujamah; Major Roma Sing arrives and denies any knowledge of the Manipuri force but refuses to accompany Thomson any ...
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Colonel Thomson's coolies refuse to accompany him to Kazakenomah but some Naga coolies found for him tours Thomson/ Col. Kazakenomah 25.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in ...
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Butler has fever; Thomson learns that his escort will remain at Sikhami; chiefs of Kezakenomah say that Manipuris first visited them 5 or 6 years ago, and since then demanded money tours Thomson Kezah...
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through friendly villages to Gallomi; shingle roofs; news that the Manipuri force has retreated burning three villages tours Kopamedza Mt. Gallomi Chesomi Tephuzami Mizami 27.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11...
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to Razami; putting up trig. station on Kopamedza; sight of burnt villages; difficulty with interpreters tours Razama (Razami) Kopamedza Mt. Sidzu R. (Sijjo R.) Laniye R. (Lanier R.) Gariphema (Gaziphe...
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village names; size and description of Manipuri force; large size of Razumi houses tours Muna Ram/ Insp. Razama (Razami) Gariphema (Gaziphema) Thisami Kipimi Semi Mezemi Laniye R. (Lanier R.) 29.1.187...
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to the burnt villages; Gaziphemah's 'golgotha'; head-taking tours Gazifhema (Gaziphemah) Zallomi 30.1.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text [31] 30th January....
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halt at Gaziphemah; description of the Manipuri attack; discussion over course of the Lanier river tours Gazifhema (Gaziphemah) Semi Mezemi Zallomi Laniye R. (Lanier R.) Dikhoo R. 31.1.1873 Butler/ Jo...
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attack on Gaziphemah injures little girl; Colonel Thomson and advance party attacked by Nagas of Shipvomah; Shipvomah taken, but later attempt to retake village by setting fire to it tours Muna Ram/ I...
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Shipvomah refuse to talk; description of yesterday's attempt to parley and the ensuing fight; most of Shipvomah burnt tours Mema Ram/ Insp. Thomson/ Col. Terelho Shipvomah 2.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11....
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Shipvomah make peace; to Zemai; penis rings tours Terhello Gazifhema (Gaziphemah) Zallomi Zemi Shipvomah Zemai Saramati Mt. 3.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the origin...
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halt at Zamai; surveying; walk to Aphomai; further talk of a Manipuri force; request to visit Raimi village tours Austin Laro Zemai Semi Shipvomah Aphomai Raimi 4.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1...
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to Dinmai; information that Manipuris have been trying to acquire territory since the boundary question was first mooted tours Rakhu Honsha/ of Salim Dinmai Aphomai Unromai 5.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11...
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Sukhimai village newly fortified against Mao tours Ketsumi Barak R. Sukhimai Mao 6.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 6th February. We moved camp today t...
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Colonel Thomson's escort at Sikhami; Major Roma Sing denies telling coolies not to go to Kazakenomah; wants Butler to go to Manipur; official orders to continue boundary work tours Thomson/ Col. Roma ...
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Major Austin completes update of map; Colonel Thomson leaves for Manipur; a chief of Megevemah asks for protection but told to complain to the Political Agent tours Austin Roma Sing/ Major Thomson/ Co...
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march through the Barak valley tours Austin Ogle Barak R. Tengephemi Majang Khang Koimani R. 10.2.1873-11.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 10th Februar...
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day's halt for survey work; to Sengmai; Major Roma Sing brings ponies and elephants tours Kaithelmambe Tengiphemah Sengmai 12.2.1873-13.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in ...
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ride into Manipur tours Austin Ogle Tongal Major Imphal (Manipur) 15.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 15th February. Leaving Austin and Ogle to come on...
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Shipvomah complain about British attack on their village to the Rajah tours Tongal Major Baloram Major Thomson Shipvomah 17.2.1873 Butler/ John 22.11.1870-17.2.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original...
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audience with the Rajah; description of the durbar chamber; Naga brass band; elephant catching; Rajah refuses to cooperate on survey; nightly bazaar tours Austin Ogle Thomson/ Col. Pinto/ Mr Browne/ M...
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Shipvomah men say that Manipuris had never been to their village but asked them to pay revenue two years ago; impressions of yesterday's durbar; rumour of intrigue between Burma and Manipur; fever tou...
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further references to treatment of Shipvomah by Nagas brought in by Tongal Major tours Tongal Major Baloram Major Austin Thomson/ Col. Shipvomah 18.2.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spellin...
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treatment for fever; visit to the site of Pemberton's observatory; Rajah's reply to Thomson's letter - refuses to cooperate or to allow survey team to move further east tours Thomson/ Col. Austin Ogle...
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fuller perusal of the Rajah's reply; Butler requests instructions tours Thomson 21.2.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 21st February. Nothing of importance occur...
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coolies ask to be relieved; doubts about further surveying tours Pakhu/ of Sailini Hoting Mang Thado Kuki Laniye R. (Lanier R.) Kopamedza Mt. 22.2.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling i...
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Thomson confirms that Manipuris had plotted to kill Butler and his men at Shipvomah tours Thomson Shipvomah 23.2.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 23rd February....
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Thomson refuses to see Manipuri officials; polo; duck shooting tours Thomson/ Col. Tongal Major Austin 24.2.1873-27.2.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 24th Febr...
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Rajah's memorial submitted to the Government by his lawyers returned to be submitted by the Political Officer; disputing boundary tours Thomson/ Col. Thongal Major Buloram Major 28.2.1873 Butler 17.2....
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Austin and Ogle continue surveying in Manipur Valley with Rajah's permission; Butler visits ruined palace of Gumbhir Sing and Gordon's grave tours Gumbhir Sing Gordon Thomson Longtabal 1.3.1873-4.3.18...
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Butler ordered to remain in Manipur tours 5.3.1873-7.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 5th March. Received a telegram from the Commissioner telling me that the...
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Austin leaves for Longmaiching; disparaging remarks about the accuracy of Dalton's work on the Nagas in the 'Ethnology of Bengal' tours Austin Dalton Williamson 8.3.1873-9.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4...
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letter from the Foreign Secretary to Thomson saying that the survey work must continue and the Rajah must cooperate; Ogle reports that the has found head-taking in villages within Manipur control and ...
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Rajah agrees to cooperate; trip on Logtak lake; visit from the Rajah who asks that Thomson and Butler look after his interests with regard to the boundary; arrangements for continuation of survey tour...
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Austin and Ogle leave; peace ceremony between Kumhous and Manipuris; visit from Jubraj trying to delay departure; visit to Rajah's fort tours Austin Ogle Thongal Major 15.3.1873-16.3.1873 Butler 17.2....
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Butler leaves Imphal and rejoins survey party tours Austin Suchakamong Lamlai Ihang R. 17.3.1873-18.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 17th March. Thomson's coo...
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Tankhul Nagas tours Lohipa Tankhul Iril R. Lungga 19.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 19th March. Today we moved our united camps into a small valley off the ...
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difficulty getting rice supplies tours Thomson Thongal Major Iril R. Leishan (Laisen) 20.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 20th March. We struck our tents this...
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heavy rain compels halt tours Ogle Leishan (Laisen) 21.3.1873-23.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 21st March. Having had heavy rain all last night and the gre...
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respite from rain allows Austin to finish survey near Laisen; burnt village of Khuntak tours Tongal Major Leishan (Laisen) Khuntak Phatang Turim 24.3.1873-25.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccura...
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houses decorated with human heads; Tankhul hairstyle and dress; penis rings tours Tankhul Thongteng Thonem Talloi (Toloi) Huimi (Humi) Gazifhema (Gaziphemah) Tesophenyu (Tesephema) 26.3.1873 Butler 17...
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walking along the watershed; Butler nearly falls into an animal trap; Manipuris remove camp to try to prevent party moving further east, also order Nagas not to aid or even speak to the survey party t...
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halt at Phungam to put mark on Rafifo mountain tours Thomson Austin Phunggam (Phungam) Paowi Rafifo Mt. 28.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 28th March. Halted...
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to Shiroi where everyone bolted; limit of Manipuri rule tours Thongal Major Laniye R. (Lanier R.) Siruhi (Shiroi) 29.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 29th Mar...
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to summit of Shiroi Kishung tours Thongal Major Gokul Mema Ram/ Insp. Pemberton Shiroi Kishung Kuchai R. Laniye R. (Lanier R.) 30.3.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original ...
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to Paowi; Manipuris build fine house for the Major and wretched huts for the survey party, but Butler insists on exchange; thana set up by Manipuris ordered to be removed tours Thongal Major Thomson S...
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Thana removed to Manipur side; confirmation of recent appearance of Manipuris tours Paowi Vapvemi 1.4.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 1st April. Halted at Paow...
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Butler insists that Manipuris leave Paowi; Thomson finds that they have stored rice there and when he refuses to let them take coolies without paying, they burn rice tours Thomson Paowi Kuchai Khulel ...
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complete survey of the watershed from Tellizo Peak; Nagas from Reme ask Butler to visit them tours Laro/ of Parul Thomson Losamin/ of Meguemah Solepe Mt. (Tellizo Mt.) Reme 3.4.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-1...
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to Gnamchao then Mengimai; telegram of congratulation from Commissioner tours Gnamchao Iril R. Mengimai Thingba 4.4.1873-5.4.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate spelling in the original text 4t...
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report that Mao Nagas have attacked Maram and carried off cattle; Thomson investigating distribution of guns among Nagas; confirmation that Phunami took cattle from Maram; result of smallpox at Maram;...
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halt while Austin and Ogle complete work; Thongal Major discusses frontier; investigation into case of wounded Naga tours Austin Ogle Thongal Major Ithami 8.4.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurat...
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Thomson leaves for Manipur and Ogle for Sikhami; to Phunami - fight between them and Viswemah; news that Thongal Major intends to enquire into Maram-Mao fued tours Supvomah Phunami Viswemah 9.4.1873 B...
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view from Khunho peak; Ogle returns; news from Kezakenomah that a Manipuri force is coming to attack them and other villages tours Austin Ogle Maram Khunho Mt. Kezakenomah Megwemah Medribamah 10.4.187...
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Thongal Major excuses himself for not rejoining Butler and asks him to deal with Viswemah-Sapvomah fight tours Thongal Major Roomasing Viswemah Sapvomah 11.4.1873 Butler 17.2.1873-11.4.1873 inaccurate...
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Introduction origins of North East Frontier peoples articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 (1) INTRODUCTION. I COMMENCE with the North-Eastern Frontier, the basin of the mighty Brahmaputra, where the population, ...
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Introduction Garos and Kasias articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 I do not introduce the Asam hill and border tribes as the aborigines of that province, but have rather endeavoured to show that its colonizatio...
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Introduction Kingdom of Kamarupa or Kamrup; invasion from the north - Kachari, Chutia, Lahong and Mech; invasion from west and south-west - Ko'cch articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 Their colonies gradually e...
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Introduction Chutia or Kachari dynasty; fortified city of Dimapur; invasion by Shans articles Dimapur Dalton/ E.T. 1872 (2) The Chutia or Kachari dynasty continued to hold southern Upper Asam and Sadi...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam possible derivation of term 'naga' articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 (38) SECTION 6.- THE NAGAS OF UPPER ASAM. Having now reached the Butan boundary, let us cross the valle...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam extent of country; differences between peoples called Nagas; language articles Robinson Bori Dihung R. Kopili R. Barak R. Dhunsiri R. Dalton/ E.T. 1872 We ascend the...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam villages: clans; hereditary chiefs articles Dhunsiri R. Diyung R. (Doyang R.) Dalton/ E.T. 1872 The Nagas east of the Doyang river (The eastern affluent of the Dhuns...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam houses: of chiefs; of others; skull shelves; British Government of Asam; murder by Nagas punished by punitive expeditions articles Mithun Tablong Chagnoi Mulong Jobo...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam tattooing: face tattoos; head-taking necessary before marriage articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 It was the custom of these clans to allow matrimony to those only who made ...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam communication and cultivation: paths; terracing; destruction of trees by ringing and burning articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 The communications between friendly villages ...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam burials: miniature houses for the dead; boat-shaped coffins; funeral; American missionaries articles Robinson Deko R. Dihung R. Namsang Dalton/ E.T. 1872 The approac...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam religion: lack of belief in a divine power and no idea of heaven articles Robinson Dalton/ E.T. 1872 I have no knowledge of the religious ceremonies of the Nagas eas...
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Section 6. The Nagas of Upper Asam marriages: late age at marriage; groom service; monogamy; good treatment of wives articles Dalton/ E.T. 1872 Marriages are contracted comparatively late in life. Thi...
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