The Nagas

visit to Thenizumi young mens' dormitories tours Angami <Eastern Thenizumi 18.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Unlike Cheswejumi, the village builds special houses for its young men and I was ...
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visit to Thenizumi burial customs tours Angami <Eastern Thenizumi 18.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Like other Angamis the villagers bury their dead either in their court yards or close to t...
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visit to Thenizumi memories of J.H. Hutton tours Hutton Thepfuseu Angami <Eastern Thenizumi 18.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 On the walk back I was told more tales of Dr Hutton. 'If a gaonb...
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visit to Chezubama memorial stones reflecting sexual conquests tours Thepfuseu Mesezu Angami Dupa Angami Angami <Eastern Chezumi (Chezubama) 19.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (31) 19th Janua...
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visit to Chezubama stone work and carving tours Angami <Eastern Chezumi (Chezubama) 19.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Stone work in fact is characteristic of the village. Each Khel has a wal...
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visit to Chezubama grave effigies tours Hutton Tazuho/ of Chezubama Huritsu/ of Chezubama Nengatsumi khel Angami <Eastern Chezumi (Chezubama) Chakrima 19.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Anga...
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visit to Nerhema memorial to head-takers tours seche Devore Angami/ of Nerhema Peze Angami/ of Nerhema Rudai Nerhema 24.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 24th January This afternoon I went by j...
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visit to Nerhema stone terraces, graves and house carvings tours Nerhema 24.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The village itself is full of stone terraces, huge circular graves and stone vantag...
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visit to Nerhema weaving tours Nerhema 24.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (36) In the village itself a great deal of weaving was in progress. The women sit at their doors with legs and thighs...
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visit to Tseminyu grave effigies tours Guoselie Angami/ of Chichema Hutton Mills Rengma <Western Tseminyu Chechama (Chichema) 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 25th January This morning I se...
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visit to Tseminyu tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Rengma Nagas', Mills p. 48 As a jeep was passing, I did the rest of the journey in it and got to Tseminyu ...
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visit to Tseminyu morungs and morung carvings tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Angami villages, morungs may exist but you have always to search for them. I...
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visit to Tseminyu tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The usual plan is to start with several lines of heads, then some warriors' tails, then more heads and fina...
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visit to Tseminyu head-taker's memorial tours Suosimo/ of Tseminyu Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Besides the morung carvings I noticed a great towering pillar pr...
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visit to Tseminyu Rengmas and christianity tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Rengma Nagas', Mills In the Rengma Nagas, Mills expressed the fear that christian...
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visit to Tseminyu education tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 25.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 As the Rengmas are only a small tribe, there are no text books in Rengma and all the children are...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu tours Resillo/ of Tseminyu Rengma <Western Tseminyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Rengma Nagas', Mills 26th January Today I went with Resillo dobashi to...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu blacksmith tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Tseminyu I watched a Rengma blacksmith heating iron and then hammering it into...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu girls' dormitory tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 I was then shown a girl's dormitory. Next Previous
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu head-takers' cloth with painted band tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu Tesophenyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The owner of the house had secured a head on...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu head tree at Tseminyu tours Zukhuli festival Nanyhuo/ of Tseminyu Houseman/ Major Mills Rengma <Western Tseminyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Rengma Na...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu Rengma attitude to head-taking tours Mills Rengma <Western 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Rengma Nagas', Mills p. 27 As stated in the 'Rengma Nagas' the ...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu differences between Tseminyu and Tesophenyu tours Rengma <Western Tseminyu Tesophenyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 As Mills has stressed in his book the...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu head-takers genna and erection of carved posts at Tesophenyu tours zonuophi Tekheni Rengma Zalho Rengma Rengma <Western Tesophenyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu morungs with house horns and carved pillar at Tesophenyu tours Rengma <Western Tesophenyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Besides these private houses all ...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu girls' dormitory tours Rengma <Western Tesophenyu 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 As in Tseminyu, all girls are entered in dormitories from the age of seve...
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visit to Tseminyu and Tesophenyu memories of J.H. Hutton tours Nieghuwa/ of Tesophenyu Hutton Rengma <Western 26.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 A touching tribute to Dr Hutton is in the hous...
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visit to Wokha tours Lotha Wokha 27.1.1947-28.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 27th January To Wokha a long tiring march. (44) 28th January Spent the morning writing up notes. In the afternoon...
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visit to Wokha morungs tours Lotha Wokha 27.1.1947-28.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 There is a magnificent new morung standing on the crest. Lotha morungs differ from Angami and Rengma ones...
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visit to Lungsa tours Lotha Lungsa 29.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 29th January To Lungsa, a Lotha village 4 miles south of Wokha. The village is perched on a ridge and is approached throu...
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visit to Lungsa morungs tours Lotha Lungsa 29.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 There are three morungs in the village but, as they are all in bad repair, the village boys are at present sleepi...
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visit to Lungsa head-hunting and bringing back human ears tours puthi Nzuthang/ of Lungsa Hutton Lotha Lungsa 29.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 As in other Naga villages traditions of head-h...
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visit to Lungsa head-takers' cloak with painted band tours Lotha Lungsa Okotso Pangti 29.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Besides this ritual garb, the genna also entitles the warrior to wear ...
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visit to Lungsa social gennas tours Wozuya genna Nzuthang/ of Lungsa Phandemo/ of Lungsa Lotha Lungsa 29.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 A number of Lothas have performed social genna and wea...
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visit to Choio tours Lotha Koio (Choio) Diyung R. (Doyang R.) 30.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 30th January Today on to Choio, a Lotha village straddling a gravelly spur with windy views to...
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visit to Choio derelict morungs through lack of 'puthi' and the installation of a new 'puthi' tours puthi opya pyotsoja Yankasao/ of Choio Lotha Koio (Choio) 30.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.194...
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visit to Choio head-taking and bringing back human ears tours Panchama Lotha Koio (Choio) Pangsha 30.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 As in Lungsa, it is now more than twenty years since any h...
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visit to Choio polygamy and marriage between christians and non-christians tours Khenbemo/ of Choio Lotha Koio (Choio) 30.1.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The new puthi and a retired gaonbura,...
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visit to Litami tours Sema Litami Diyung R. (Doyang R.) 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 31st January A long and tiresome march to Litami. The path goes steeply down to the Doyang ...
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visit to Litami inspection bungalow register tours Nye/ Capt. Mills/ J.P. Anderson/ B. Supplee/ George W. Lambert/ Eric Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 1st February En...
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visit to Litami christianity tours Kolhoshe/ of Litami Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The Litami village is Sema and apart from six houses, it is now entirely christi...
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visit to Litami houses tours Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Like other tribes, Semas have their own style in house architecture and apart from their general roominess...
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visit to Litami Y posts tours aitsukeba Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Outside the house of a gaonbura is a tall Y shaped post which was put up by him in his pre-chri...
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visit to Litami young mens' house and house for girls tours Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Unlike Sema villages which are not Baptist the village has a young mens' ho...
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visit to Litami women's dress tours Sema Litami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Although the village is almost completely christian most women wear dull red skirts with black band...
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visit to Litami visit to Sasatami tours Sema Litami Sasatami 31.1.1947 1.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Sasatami which is also Sema Baptist, the houses still retain their pre-christian em...
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visit to Lungkam tours Ao Lungkam Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Toiled up a tough hill and reached Lungkam, avid for a rest and tea. In the night 'The Ao Nagas'. Next Previous
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visit to Lungkam tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 2nd February. This morning heavy rain kept me in. But about 11 the sun came out and I made a tour of the village. Next Prev...
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visit to Lungkam khels and the risk of fire tours Chongli khel Mongsen khel Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The village consists of an upper and lower Khel. The upper is Chongli ...
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visit to Lungkam village gates tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Of the many things which perished in the last fire a luckless casualty was the village gate. This was in two ...
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visit to Lungkam morungs tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Other casualties in the fire were two morungs. These have been rebuilt only recently and they loom above the other ...
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visit to Lungkam warriors' dress and head-taking tours tsungrem Sangpu Ao Lungkam Pangsha Lungsa 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Warriors' dress is now awarded to all Aos of the village who...
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visit to Lungkam house carvings and feasts of merit tours Chamtiba/ of Lungkam Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Carvings on private houses are, as elsewhere, linked to feasts of m...
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visit to Lungkam houses tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Going round the village I was struck by the airy spaciousness of most of the houses. There is normally a single room...
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visit to Lungkam dangers of tattooing tours Ao Lungkam 2.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 One of the village women has no legs below her knees. While she was being tattooed, the places went se...
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head-takers' aprons and cloths tours Ao Mongsenyimti Lungkam 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 6th February On the way to Mongsenyimti I noticed a number of Ao all wearing the aprons...
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pipe smoking tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (57) A feature of all the Aos this side is pipe smoking. Almost every one has a pipe - old women, young girls, ad...
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school carvings tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 7th February A day in the village. Photographed the carvings on the school house. Next Previous
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Y posts tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Many houses have Y posts in front of them, one for every mithan sacrificed. When you have given three such sacrifices ...
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morungs and morung carvings tours Chongli khel Yimbangrocho clan Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 There are at present two morungs, both of them with fully carved pi...
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abandoned log drum due to christianity tours Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (59) Further up the village and poised on a hill is a second log drum. The Khel is now ...
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cemetery tours Kikanuksini Ao Mongsenyimti Yungpung 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Between the christian Khels and the rest of the village is a long cemetery. The former custom of...
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house carving tours Lima/ of Mongsenyimti Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Some distance to the south of the cemetery is the house of Lima, the dobashi. This was bui...
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head tree tours Mileva/ of Mongsenyimti Ao Mongsenyimti Sangpo 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At the present time the head-tree is a small and thorny tree set among the village ho...
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log drum rules and rituals tours moatzu Lima Pungmenu clan Chaneri clan Songkong morung Ao Mongsenyimti 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 During the evening I discussed with Lima the...
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significance of heads 'captured' by Christoph von Furer- Haimendorf tours Furer-Haimendorf Lima Ao Mongsenyimti Pangsha 6.2.1947-7.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Lima tells me that the four ...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang tours Ao 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 8th February Today I walked to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang and then back to Mongsenyimti. Next Previous
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang log drum and gate at Ungr tours Ao Ungri (Ungr) 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Ungr, an old village gate is standing by the log drum. On one side four l...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang Phom carving tours Ao Phom Mongnyu 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In a gaonbura's house I came across my first examples of Phom carving. The gaonbura had g...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang decline of morung at Ungr due to christianity tours Ao Ungri (Ungr) 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At the end of the village is a new morung and by the sid...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang log drums at Chuchu Yimlang tours Lima Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In Chuchu Yimlang there are two morungs and both are adjacent to lo...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang Y posts and house carving at Chuchu Yimlang tours Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 In the village I noticed two magnificent Y posts in fron...
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visit to Ungr and Chuchu Yimlang morung and morung carvings at Chuchu Yimlang tours moatzu Ao Chuchu Yimlang 8.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 The other morung is in a vastly better condition...
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tours Mokokchung 9.2.1947-10.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 9th-10th February. Back on the 9th to Mokokchung - 10th getting ready for going to Kohima. Noticed in 'The Statesman' that Codring...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba tours Ao 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 11th February Set out with the sky full of clouds but not the great roaring wind which buffeted the trees all t...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba khel gates at Khensa tours Lungma genna Pukulalung genna Lyabamung genna Yimkalun genna Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Khensa found that e...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba feasts of merit and house carving at Khensa tours Chongli khel Mongsen khel Tamjenchosang/ of Khensa Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 'Ao Nagas...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba morungs at Khensa tours Ao Khensa 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Although the morungs are very far from derelict, none of them has carvings, and none i...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba graves at Chungtia tours Ao Chungtia 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 At Chungtia there is a long line of graves beside the village path. The graves of w...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba gate at Chungtia tours Ao Chungtia 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Like Khensa, Chungtia has a huge gate hewn from a single tree. There are no carvings ...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba morung at Aliba tours Ao Aliba 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 (68) In Aliba the morung is very neat and smart though it was no longer used for sleeping...
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visit to Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba log drums tours Ao Khensa Chungtia Aliba 11.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 Khensa, Chungtia and Aliba all have magnificent log-drums and I have written a ...
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tours Cholimsen (Chongliyimsen) 12.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 February 12 To Chongliyimsen Next Previous
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problem with elephants tours Lakhuni Charali 13.2.1947-14.2.1947 Archer/ W.G. 31.12.1946-14.2.1947 February 13 To Lakhuni February 14 To Charali. At Lakhuni the gaonbura complained of wild elephants. ...
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house carving notes Lima Mongsenyimti Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:1 Mills, Ao Nagas, 218 Mongsenyimti. Lima has a carved panel on his house with a tortoise in the middle. (In the village there is a sacr...
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house carving notes warrior Bazu Angami Pfutsero Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:2 E. Angami, Pfutsero. In the house of Bazu - gaonbura has 10 heads carved on a panel + carved mithan heads + 4 carved deers'...
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house carving notes head-taking ancestors japs tallies Angami <Eastern Chizami (Chizema) Pfutsero Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:3 E. Angami, Chizema, Pfutsero. Wooden heads on house front - usually only w...
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house carvings notes slaves seduction Angami <Eastern Khuzami Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:4 E. Angami, Khuzami. A house with mithan heads, human heads, breasts and 2 little figures - carved on the front...
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house horns and house carving notes feast of merit Angami <Eastern Kekrima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:5 E. Angami, house horns. The sky at Kekrima is fretted with horns rearing their black and sinister...
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field rest house carvings at Thenizumi notes Angami <Eastern Thenizumi Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:6 E. Angami. The field rest house of Thenizumi is in a somewhat gloomy setting but has a new type of ca...
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house carving notes Ao Lakhuni Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:7 Ao, Lakhuni. A rich man's house - cross-board with carvings of hornbills- mithan (fully) snake a centre board with leopard, a little bird and...
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house carvings notes feast of merit Nehoizu Sema Sakhalu Yehimi Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:8 Sema. Hutton, Sema Nagas, 48 & 227-8 Sakhalu. Chief's house - rows of breasts - 6 in a line - many mithan he...
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reasons for carving house horns notes zhatho genna Chulevo Angami Angami Khonoma Jotsoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:10 Khonoma - reason for no carvings and house horns. It is due entirely to the over-h...
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house carving and painting notes Angami Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:11 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 53 Angami. Draw with charcoal and yellow stone. Those who actually carve are genna that day - they mus...
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reproductions in pith notes Sekrengi festival Khonoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:12 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 205 At Khonoma these were installed in the gaonbura's house of the [blank] khel. The ornament e...
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mithan carvings notes zhatho genna thesa genna Yakhele Angami Zakamvu (Zkamoh) Angami Angami Kohima Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:13 Angami. Mithan carvings. (gennas) Kohima - very scarce. One house had m...
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house carving depicting mithan notes zhatho genna Thepfuseu Khulazu/ of Pasami Angami Cheswezumi (Cheswejumi) Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:14 E. Angami, Cheswejumi. Mithan variations. SKETCH. house - gre...
Last modification: on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:07:54

house horns notes Rudai Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:15 House 'horns' are described as 'mithan horns' and the holes as 'eyes'. The latter are designed to give the wind passage as otherwise the horns woul...
Last modification: on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:07:54

field rest house and earth cones notes tsungi genna Semoma clan Zhakhama (Jakhama) Khonoma Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:16 Hutton, Angami Nagas, 46 Field rest houses Hutton notes 'the permanent roads fro...
Last modification: on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:07:54

Y posts notes Sangpo khel Archer/ W.G. 1946-1948 15:17 putting the human heads on a Y post is a privilege of the Sangpo Khel to mark their superiority. (2 heads for every mithan ever sacrificed - but ...
Last modification: on 02 Nov 2011 at 16:07:54